5. Raddi G, Morado DR, Tan J et al (2012)
Three-dimensional structures of pathogenic
and saprophytic Leptospira species revealed by
cryo-electron
tomography.
J
Bacteriol
194:1299–1306
6. Goldstein SF, Charon NW (1990) Multipleexposure photographic analysis of a motile spirochete. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
87:4895–4899
7. Nakamura S, Leshansky A, Magariyama Y,
Namba K, Kudo S (2014) Direct measurement
of helical cell motion of the spirochete Leptospira. Boiphys J 106:47–54
8. Cox PJ, Twigg GI (1974) Leptospiral motility.
Nature 250:260–261
9. Picardeau M, Brenot A, Saint Girons I (2001)
First evidence for gene replacement in Leptospira spp. Inactivation of L. biflexa flaB results
in non-motile mutants deficient in endoflagella. Mol Microbiol 40:189–199
10. Wunder EA Jr, Figueira CP, Benaroudj N et al
(2016) A novel flagellar sheath protein, FcpA,
determines filament coiling, translational
motility and virulence for the Leptospira spirochete. Mol Microbiol 101:457–470
11. Sasaki Y, Kawamoto A, Tahara H et al (2018)
Leptospiral flagellar sheath protein FcpA interacts with FlaA2 and FlaB1 in Leptospira biflexa.
PLoS One 13:e0194923
12. Takabe K, Kawamoto A, Tahara H et al (2017)
Implications of coordinated cell-body rotations
for Leptospira motility. Biochem Biophys Res
Commun 491:1040–1046
13. Pettersen EF, Goddard TD, Huang CC et al
(2004) UCSF Chimera—a visualization system
for exploratory research and analysis. J Comput
Chem 25:1605–1612
14. Kremer JR, Mastronarde DN, McIntosh JR
(1996) Computer visualization of threedimensional image data using IMOD. J Struct
Biol 116:71–76
138
Akihiro Kawamoto
Three-dimensional structures of pathogenic
and saprophytic Leptospira species revealed by
cryo-electron
tomography.
J
Bacteriol
194:1299–1306
6. Goldstein SF, Charon NW (1990) Multipleexposure photographic analysis of a motile spirochete. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
87:4895–4899
7. Nakamura S, Leshansky A, Magariyama Y,
Namba K, Kudo S (2014) Direct measurement
of helical cell motion of the spirochete Leptospira. Boiphys J 106:47–54
8. Cox PJ, Twigg GI (1974) Leptospiral motility.
Nature 250:260–261
9. Picardeau M, Brenot A, Saint Girons I (2001)
First evidence for gene replacement in Leptospira spp. Inactivation of L. biflexa flaB results
in non-motile mutants deficient in endoflagella. Mol Microbiol 40:189–199
10. Wunder EA Jr, Figueira CP, Benaroudj N et al
(2016) A novel flagellar sheath protein, FcpA,
determines filament coiling, translational
motility and virulence for the Leptospira spirochete. Mol Microbiol 101:457–470
11. Sasaki Y, Kawamoto A, Tahara H et al (2018)
Leptospiral flagellar sheath protein FcpA interacts with FlaA2 and FlaB1 in Leptospira biflexa.
PLoS One 13:e0194923
12. Takabe K, Kawamoto A, Tahara H et al (2017)
Implications of coordinated cell-body rotations
for Leptospira motility. Biochem Biophys Res
Commun 491:1040–1046
13. Pettersen EF, Goddard TD, Huang CC et al
(2004) UCSF Chimera—a visualization system
for exploratory research and analysis. J Comput
Chem 25:1605–1612
14. Kremer JR, Mastronarde DN, McIntosh JR
(1996) Computer visualization of threedimensional image data using IMOD. J Struct
Biol 116:71–76
138
Akihiro Kawamoto