Index
483
Pump, 56, 137, 139–146, 148–152, 154,
157–160, 171–188, 197–202, 205,
213, 215–221, 223–235, 261–279,
282, 296
Pump and probe beams, 140, 142, 143, 145,
148, 159, 160, 175–178, 183, 187,
227, 261, 264, 274
Pump beam, 137, 139–144, 146, 148–152,
157, 158, 160, 174, 177, 178, 185,
186, 213, 215–221, 228–235, 261,
267, 268, 271, 273, 277
Pump fluence, 264, 269–271
Pump intensity, 173, 177, 185, 219,
223–226, 266
Pump pulse, 174, 186, 232–234, 261,
264–267, 269, 271, 274
Q
Quadrature component, 179
Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL), 138, 150,
151
Quantum dots, 25, 35, 44, 45, 47, 48
Quantum emitter, 37, 45, 262
R
Radial numbers, 416
Radon transform, 89
Rainbow, 326, 364, 365
Raman scattering
coherent anti-stokes (CARS), 86, 157,
196–200, 205, 263, 296
resonant, 201
spontaneous, 195, 197, 201
stimulated, 138, 140, 157, 177, 195–197,
201, 263, 273
surface enhanced-, 196, 205
tip-enhanced (TERS), 196, 262, 277
Rate equations, 203
Rayleigh, Lord (John William Strut), 240,
445
Ray tracing, 394, 414, 415
Real image, 118, 120, 413, 455, 456
Red shift, 219, 223
Reflectance, 32, 149, 261–264, 271, 274, 275
Reflection interference, 34, 56
Reflectivity, 34, 233, 261, 263–270, 274,
275, 282
Refraction index change, 124, 140, 215
Refraction maps, 89
Refractive index, 2, 4–7, 14, 17, 28, 30, 34,
35, 38, 43, 48, 56, 68, 90, 98, 140,
141, 172, 182, 197, 198, 214–217,
219, 224, 228, 229, 233, 313, 314,
330–332, 335, 336, 338, 340, 348,
357, 358, 376, 377, 379, 383, 384,
393, 395, 397, 408, 412, 414, 415,
427, 444, 445, 448–450, 453, 455,
456
Relative permittivity, 90, 91
Repetition rate, 180, 230, 266, 281
Research-grade microscopes, 27
Resistivity, 229
Resolution
axial, 41, 99, 100, 182, 203, 241, 242,
290, 297–299, 306, 410, 424, 447–449,
459, 463
diffraction-limited, 81, 129, 142, 143,
146, 300, 337, 346, 374, 410, 425
lateral, 91, 92, 99, 100, 144, 205, 214,
240–242, 248, 289–293, 297, 298, 301,
302, 346, 377, 379, 392, 424, 443–452,
454, 459–461, 463
spatial, 16, 17, 26, 67, 68, 81, 139,
142–144, 146, 149, 151–153, 155, 156,
161, 162, 171, 176, 178, 180, 182, 183,
186, 188, 195–203, 205, 206, 208, 209,
239–241, 243, 245–248, 251, 253, 254,
256, 257, 262, 265, 273, 306, 313, 314,
318, 320, 321, 326, 341, 436, 444
spatio-temporal, 25, 53, 67, 68, 76, 77,
79
subwavelength, 215, 322, 345, 362, 372,
377, 428
super-, 17, 25, 43, 114, 116, 132,
137–139, 142, 143, 146, 147, 152, 156,
158, 161, 171, 183, 186, 188, 195,
196, 199, 201, 203, 207–209, 213–215,
220, 231, 234, 239–246, 248, 253–258,
261, 262, 275, 282, 289, 290, 295,
297, 303, 304, 306, 316, 326–329, 339,
341, 346–348, 365, 366, 371–380, 383,
385–394, 396–398, 400, 407, 412, 416,
423–426, 428, 430, 434–436, 443, 446,
452–455, 459, 463
temporal, 17, 25, 26, 52, 53, 67–69, 78,
80–82, 171, 174–177, 180
ultrahigh-, 79, 262
Resolution criteria, 16, 372, 410, 435, 445
Resolution limit, 17, 182, 196, 207,
239–241, 262, 316, 372, 379, 380,
423, 444, 452, 463
Retina, 358
Retrieval, 2, 7, 15, 346, 445, 461
Reverse saturation, 239, 249–251, 253, 254,
257
483
Pump, 56, 137, 139–146, 148–152, 154,
157–160, 171–188, 197–202, 205,
213, 215–221, 223–235, 261–279,
282, 296
Pump and probe beams, 140, 142, 143, 145,
148, 159, 160, 175–178, 183, 187,
227, 261, 264, 274
Pump beam, 137, 139–144, 146, 148–152,
157, 158, 160, 174, 177, 178, 185,
186, 213, 215–221, 228–235, 261,
267, 268, 271, 273, 277
Pump fluence, 264, 269–271
Pump intensity, 173, 177, 185, 219,
223–226, 266
Pump pulse, 174, 186, 232–234, 261,
264–267, 269, 271, 274
Q
Quadrature component, 179
Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL), 138, 150,
151
Quantum dots, 25, 35, 44, 45, 47, 48
Quantum emitter, 37, 45, 262
R
Radial numbers, 416
Radon transform, 89
Rainbow, 326, 364, 365
Raman scattering
coherent anti-stokes (CARS), 86, 157,
196–200, 205, 263, 296
resonant, 201
spontaneous, 195, 197, 201
stimulated, 138, 140, 157, 177, 195–197,
201, 263, 273
surface enhanced-, 196, 205
tip-enhanced (TERS), 196, 262, 277
Rate equations, 203
Rayleigh, Lord (John William Strut), 240,
445
Ray tracing, 394, 414, 415
Real image, 118, 120, 413, 455, 456
Red shift, 219, 223
Reflectance, 32, 149, 261–264, 271, 274, 275
Reflection interference, 34, 56
Reflectivity, 34, 233, 261, 263–270, 274,
275, 282
Refraction index change, 124, 140, 215
Refraction maps, 89
Refractive index, 2, 4–7, 14, 17, 28, 30, 34,
35, 38, 43, 48, 56, 68, 90, 98, 140,
141, 172, 182, 197, 198, 214–217,
219, 224, 228, 229, 233, 313, 314,
330–332, 335, 336, 338, 340, 348,
357, 358, 376, 377, 379, 383, 384,
393, 395, 397, 408, 412, 414, 415,
427, 444, 445, 448–450, 453, 455,
456
Relative permittivity, 90, 91
Repetition rate, 180, 230, 266, 281
Research-grade microscopes, 27
Resistivity, 229
Resolution
axial, 41, 99, 100, 182, 203, 241, 242,
290, 297–299, 306, 410, 424, 447–449,
459, 463
diffraction-limited, 81, 129, 142, 143,
146, 300, 337, 346, 374, 410, 425
lateral, 91, 92, 99, 100, 144, 205, 214,
240–242, 248, 289–293, 297, 298, 301,
302, 346, 377, 379, 392, 424, 443–452,
454, 459–461, 463
spatial, 16, 17, 26, 67, 68, 81, 139,
142–144, 146, 149, 151–153, 155, 156,
161, 162, 171, 176, 178, 180, 182, 183,
186, 188, 195–203, 205, 206, 208, 209,
239–241, 243, 245–248, 251, 253, 254,
256, 257, 262, 265, 273, 306, 313, 314,
318, 320, 321, 326, 341, 436, 444
spatio-temporal, 25, 53, 67, 68, 76, 77,
79
subwavelength, 215, 322, 345, 362, 372,
377, 428
super-, 17, 25, 43, 114, 116, 132,
137–139, 142, 143, 146, 147, 152, 156,
158, 161, 171, 183, 186, 188, 195,
196, 199, 201, 203, 207–209, 213–215,
220, 231, 234, 239–246, 248, 253–258,
261, 262, 275, 282, 289, 290, 295,
297, 303, 304, 306, 316, 326–329, 339,
341, 346–348, 365, 366, 371–380, 383,
385–394, 396–398, 400, 407, 412, 416,
423–426, 428, 430, 434–436, 443, 446,
452–455, 459, 463
temporal, 17, 25, 26, 52, 53, 67–69, 78,
80–82, 171, 174–177, 180
ultrahigh-, 79, 262
Resolution criteria, 16, 372, 410, 435, 445
Resolution limit, 17, 182, 196, 207,
239–241, 262, 316, 372, 379, 380,
423, 444, 452, 463
Retina, 358
Retrieval, 2, 7, 15, 346, 445, 461
Reverse saturation, 239, 249–251, 253, 254,
257