472
Index
BBO crystal, 176, 177
Beam instabilities, 36
Beam pointing, 273
Beam-shearing, 29
Beer-Lambert law, 228
Benzene, 200
Betula pendula pollen grain, 100
Betzig, Eric, 242
Bidirectional motions, 79
Bilayer membrane, 53, 54
Biological samples, 17, 39, 92, 94, 98, 149,
203, 206, 218, 258, 303, 345–347,
374
Biology, 17, 31, 47, 51, 68, 82, 85, 138, 139,
156, 157, 162, 257, 307, 345, 372,
373, 463
Biomarkers, 214
Biomedical, 17, 137–139, 143, 152, 156,
180, 215, 234, 239, 280, 372, 400,
408, 423, 424
Biomedical applications, 180, 304
Biomedical optics, vii
Biosensing, 48, 49
Birefringent, 103, 336
Blind reconstruction, 425
Blood, 13, 14, 27, 92, 94, 98, 181, 304, 371
Blue shift, 218, 219, 223
Blur, 263, 266, 320, 321
Blu-Ray Disc (BRD), 374, 397, 411, 461
Born approximation, 2, 91, 103
Boron nitride, 350, 351
Bright sky, 28
Bright-field, 9, 28, 32, 33, 56, 399, 452, 457
Brightness of the image, 348
C
Camera, 9, 10, 30, 36, 37, 39, 41, 42, 49, 70,
81, 82, 87, 102, 117, 119, 121, 122,
132, 207, 230, 232, 276, 277, 294,
295, 307, 318, 319, 365, 390
Cancer, 28, 181, 304, 400
Carbon mesh, 92
Carbon nanotube, 31, 161, 180, 304
Carrier concentration, 215, 216, 263
Catalytic reaction, 52
Caustic, 354
Cell
bacterial, 263
cancerous, 92
HeLa, 55, 72, 78, 302
hepatocyte, 92
immune, 51, 150
living, 30, 56, 57, 69, 72, 137, 143, 149,
180, 205, 242
red blood, 14, 98, 181, 460, 461
single, 49, 51, 77
white blood, 92, 94
yeast, 27
Cell biology, 55, 138, 156, 372
Cell–cell adhesion, 29, 92
Cell cycle, 89
Cell division, 89
Cell identification, 460
Cell migration, 89
Cell nuclei, 55
Cell plasma membranes, 77, 78
Cellular membranes, 52, 55
Cellular structures, 86, 214, 345
Cellulose acetate, 431, 433
Charge carrier excitation, 56, 263, 266
Charge carriers, 35, 159, 223, 228, 262, 263,
266, 267, 274
Chemical reaction, 346, 347, 390
Chemical recognition, 263
Chemistry, 31, 80, 82, 138, 142, 157, 345,
373, 408, 428, 446
Cherenkov radiation, 347
Chromatic aberrations, 27, 149, 150, 175
Chromium, 364, 429
Chromosome, 92
Citations, vii
Clathrin, 55
Coherence, 15, 16, 28, 33, 42, 69, 71, 72,
87, 161, 201, 299, 362, 413, 421, 452,
458, 460, 463
Coherence length, 33, 458
Coherent Raman effects, 199
Colloid, 43, 44, 209
Common-path, 9, 11, 81, 103
Complex electromagnetic field reconstruction, 119
Complex extinction, 33
Computational reconstruction, 87, 102, 346,
358
Condenser, 12, 28, 69, 70, 89, 94–96, 98,
144, 155, 176
Confocal, 14, 29, 36, 41–43, 57, 89, 92, 94,
98, 103, 140, 143, 151, 156, 158, 183,
201, 203, 204, 214, 240, 245, 257,
276, 295, 386, 397, 409, 410, 423,
435, 450
Confocal pinhole, 203, 240, 386, 410
Contrast enhancement, 30, 42, 81
Contrast mechanism, 1, 25, 26, 31, 68, 138,
171, 172, 290
Index
BBO crystal, 176, 177
Beam instabilities, 36
Beam pointing, 273
Beam-shearing, 29
Beer-Lambert law, 228
Benzene, 200
Betula pendula pollen grain, 100
Betzig, Eric, 242
Bidirectional motions, 79
Bilayer membrane, 53, 54
Biological samples, 17, 39, 92, 94, 98, 149,
203, 206, 218, 258, 303, 345–347,
374
Biology, 17, 31, 47, 51, 68, 82, 85, 138, 139,
156, 157, 162, 257, 307, 345, 372,
373, 463
Biomarkers, 214
Biomedical, 17, 137–139, 143, 152, 156,
180, 215, 234, 239, 280, 372, 400,
408, 423, 424
Biomedical applications, 180, 304
Biomedical optics, vii
Biosensing, 48, 49
Birefringent, 103, 336
Blind reconstruction, 425
Blood, 13, 14, 27, 92, 94, 98, 181, 304, 371
Blue shift, 218, 219, 223
Blur, 263, 266, 320, 321
Blu-Ray Disc (BRD), 374, 397, 411, 461
Born approximation, 2, 91, 103
Boron nitride, 350, 351
Bright sky, 28
Bright-field, 9, 28, 32, 33, 56, 399, 452, 457
Brightness of the image, 348
C
Camera, 9, 10, 30, 36, 37, 39, 41, 42, 49, 70,
81, 82, 87, 102, 117, 119, 121, 122,
132, 207, 230, 232, 276, 277, 294,
295, 307, 318, 319, 365, 390
Cancer, 28, 181, 304, 400
Carbon mesh, 92
Carbon nanotube, 31, 161, 180, 304
Carrier concentration, 215, 216, 263
Catalytic reaction, 52
Caustic, 354
Cell
bacterial, 263
cancerous, 92
HeLa, 55, 72, 78, 302
hepatocyte, 92
immune, 51, 150
living, 30, 56, 57, 69, 72, 137, 143, 149,
180, 205, 242
red blood, 14, 98, 181, 460, 461
single, 49, 51, 77
white blood, 92, 94
yeast, 27
Cell biology, 55, 138, 156, 372
Cell–cell adhesion, 29, 92
Cell cycle, 89
Cell division, 89
Cell identification, 460
Cell migration, 89
Cell nuclei, 55
Cell plasma membranes, 77, 78
Cellular membranes, 52, 55
Cellular structures, 86, 214, 345
Cellulose acetate, 431, 433
Charge carrier excitation, 56, 263, 266
Charge carriers, 35, 159, 223, 228, 262, 263,
266, 267, 274
Chemical reaction, 346, 347, 390
Chemical recognition, 263
Chemistry, 31, 80, 82, 138, 142, 157, 345,
373, 408, 428, 446
Cherenkov radiation, 347
Chromatic aberrations, 27, 149, 150, 175
Chromium, 364, 429
Chromosome, 92
Citations, vii
Clathrin, 55
Coherence, 15, 16, 28, 33, 42, 69, 71, 72,
87, 161, 201, 299, 362, 413, 421, 452,
458, 460, 463
Coherence length, 33, 458
Coherent Raman effects, 199
Colloid, 43, 44, 209
Common-path, 9, 11, 81, 103
Complex electromagnetic field reconstruction, 119
Complex extinction, 33
Computational reconstruction, 87, 102, 346,
358
Condenser, 12, 28, 69, 70, 89, 94–96, 98,
144, 155, 176
Confocal, 14, 29, 36, 41–43, 57, 89, 92, 94,
98, 103, 140, 143, 151, 156, 158, 183,
201, 203, 204, 214, 240, 245, 257,
276, 295, 386, 397, 409, 410, 423,
435, 450
Confocal pinhole, 203, 240, 386, 410
Contrast enhancement, 30, 42, 81
Contrast mechanism, 1, 25, 26, 31, 68, 138,
171, 172, 290