15 Super-Resolution Imaging and Microscopy by Dielectric …
401
On theoretical side, building a complete theoretical model is still highly desired.
Effects such as multi-wavelengths effects and partial and inclined illumination
should also be included in the developments. In a long term, we envisage that every
microscope user will have the dielectric superlenses in their hand for daily use of
microscopes. Besides imaging, the dielectric particle superlens can find applications
in nano-focusing, nanolithography, nano-solar energy concentrator, nanochemistry,
nanomedicine and more.
References
1. E. Abbe, Beitrage zur Theorie des Mikroskops und der mikroskopischen Wahrnehmung.
Archiv Microskop. Anat. 9, 413 (1873)
2. C. Sparrow, On spectroscopic resolving power. Astrophys. J. 44, 76 (1916)
3. W.V. Houston, A compound interferometer for fine structure work. Phys. Rev. 29, 478 (1927)
4. L. Rayleigh, XXXI. Investigations in optics, with special reference to the spectroscope, Lond.
Edinb. Dublin Philos. Mag. J. Sci. 8, 261–274 (1879)
5. D.W. Pohl, W. Denk, M. Lanz, Optical stethoscopy: image recording with resolution ladmda/20. Appl. Phys. Lett. 44, 651–653 (1984)
6. J.B. Pendry, Negative refraction makes a perfect lens. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3966 (2000)
7. S.W. Hell, J. Wichmann, Breaking the diffraction resolution limit by stimulated emission:
stimulated-emission-depletion fluorescence microscopy. Opt. Lett. 19, 780–782 (1994)
8. E.T. Rogers, J. Lindberg, T. Roy, S. Savo, J.E. Chad, M.R. Dennis, N.I. Zheludev, A superoscillatory lens optical microscope for subwavelength imaging. Nat. Mater. 11, 432–435
(2012)
9. M. Gustafsson, Surpassing the lateral resolution limit by a factor of two using structured
illumination microscopy. J. Microsc. 198, 82–87 (2000)
10. J. Cartwright, Defeating diffraction. Phys. World 25, 29–34 (2012)
11. X. Zhang, Z.W. Liu, Superlenses to overcome the diffraction limit. Nat. Mater. 7, 435–441
(2008)
12. Z.W. Liu, H. Lee, Y. Xiong, C. Sun, X. Zhang, Far-field optical hyperlens magnifying subdiffraction-limited objects. Science 315, 1686 (2007)
13. Z. Jacob, L.V. Alekseyev, E. Narimanov, Optical hyperlens: far-field imaging beyond the
diffraction limit. Opt. Express 14, 8247–8256 (2006)
14. N. Fang, H. Lee, C. Sun, X. Zhang, Sub-diffraction-limited optical imaging with a silver
superlens. Science 308, 534–537 (2005)
15. B. Huang, M. Bates, X. Zhuang, Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. Annu. Rev.
Biochem. 78, 993–1016 (2009)
16. G.T.D. Francia, Super-gain antennas and optical resolving power. Nuovo Cimento 9(Suppl.),
426–435 (1952)
17. K. Huang, F. Qin, H. Liu, H. Ye, C.W. Qiu, M. Hong, B. Luk’yanchuk, J. Teng, Planar
diffractive lenses: fundamentals, functionalities, and applications. Adv. Mater. 30, e1704556
(2018)
18. F. Qin, K. Huang, J. Wu, J. Teng, C.W. Qiu, M. Hong, A supercritical lens optical labelfree microscopy: sub-diffraction resolution and ultra-long working distance. Adv. Mater. 29,
1602721 (2017)
19. Z. Wang, W. Guo, L. Li, B. Luk’yanchuk, A. Khan, Z. Liu, Z. Chen, M. Hong, Optical virtual
imaging at 50 nm lateral resolution with a white-light nanoscope. Nat. Commun. 2, 218 (2011)
20. K.W. Allen, N. Farahi, Y. Li, N.I. Limberopoulos, D.E. Walker, A.M. Urbas, V. Liberman, V.N.
Astratov, Super-resolution microscopy by movable thin-films with embedded microspheres:
Resolution analysis. Ann. Phys. (Berl.) 527, 513–522 (2015)
401
On theoretical side, building a complete theoretical model is still highly desired.
Effects such as multi-wavelengths effects and partial and inclined illumination
should also be included in the developments. In a long term, we envisage that every
microscope user will have the dielectric superlenses in their hand for daily use of
microscopes. Besides imaging, the dielectric particle superlens can find applications
in nano-focusing, nanolithography, nano-solar energy concentrator, nanochemistry,
nanomedicine and more.
References
1. E. Abbe, Beitrage zur Theorie des Mikroskops und der mikroskopischen Wahrnehmung.
Archiv Microskop. Anat. 9, 413 (1873)
2. C. Sparrow, On spectroscopic resolving power. Astrophys. J. 44, 76 (1916)
3. W.V. Houston, A compound interferometer for fine structure work. Phys. Rev. 29, 478 (1927)
4. L. Rayleigh, XXXI. Investigations in optics, with special reference to the spectroscope, Lond.
Edinb. Dublin Philos. Mag. J. Sci. 8, 261–274 (1879)
5. D.W. Pohl, W. Denk, M. Lanz, Optical stethoscopy: image recording with resolution ladmda/20. Appl. Phys. Lett. 44, 651–653 (1984)
6. J.B. Pendry, Negative refraction makes a perfect lens. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3966 (2000)
7. S.W. Hell, J. Wichmann, Breaking the diffraction resolution limit by stimulated emission:
stimulated-emission-depletion fluorescence microscopy. Opt. Lett. 19, 780–782 (1994)
8. E.T. Rogers, J. Lindberg, T. Roy, S. Savo, J.E. Chad, M.R. Dennis, N.I. Zheludev, A superoscillatory lens optical microscope for subwavelength imaging. Nat. Mater. 11, 432–435
(2012)
9. M. Gustafsson, Surpassing the lateral resolution limit by a factor of two using structured
illumination microscopy. J. Microsc. 198, 82–87 (2000)
10. J. Cartwright, Defeating diffraction. Phys. World 25, 29–34 (2012)
11. X. Zhang, Z.W. Liu, Superlenses to overcome the diffraction limit. Nat. Mater. 7, 435–441
(2008)
12. Z.W. Liu, H. Lee, Y. Xiong, C. Sun, X. Zhang, Far-field optical hyperlens magnifying subdiffraction-limited objects. Science 315, 1686 (2007)
13. Z. Jacob, L.V. Alekseyev, E. Narimanov, Optical hyperlens: far-field imaging beyond the
diffraction limit. Opt. Express 14, 8247–8256 (2006)
14. N. Fang, H. Lee, C. Sun, X. Zhang, Sub-diffraction-limited optical imaging with a silver
superlens. Science 308, 534–537 (2005)
15. B. Huang, M. Bates, X. Zhuang, Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. Annu. Rev.
Biochem. 78, 993–1016 (2009)
16. G.T.D. Francia, Super-gain antennas and optical resolving power. Nuovo Cimento 9(Suppl.),
426–435 (1952)
17. K. Huang, F. Qin, H. Liu, H. Ye, C.W. Qiu, M. Hong, B. Luk’yanchuk, J. Teng, Planar
diffractive lenses: fundamentals, functionalities, and applications. Adv. Mater. 30, e1704556
(2018)
18. F. Qin, K. Huang, J. Wu, J. Teng, C.W. Qiu, M. Hong, A supercritical lens optical labelfree microscopy: sub-diffraction resolution and ultra-long working distance. Adv. Mater. 29,
1602721 (2017)
19. Z. Wang, W. Guo, L. Li, B. Luk’yanchuk, A. Khan, Z. Liu, Z. Chen, M. Hong, Optical virtual
imaging at 50 nm lateral resolution with a white-light nanoscope. Nat. Commun. 2, 218 (2011)
20. K.W. Allen, N. Farahi, Y. Li, N.I. Limberopoulos, D.E. Walker, A.M. Urbas, V. Liberman, V.N.
Astratov, Super-resolution microscopy by movable thin-films with embedded microspheres:
Resolution analysis. Ann. Phys. (Berl.) 527, 513–522 (2015)