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73. Henry-Feugeas, M.C., Idy-Peretti, I., Blanchet, B., Hassine, D., Zannoli, G., SchoumanClaeys, E.: Temporal and spatial assessment of normal cerebrospinal fluid dynamics with MR
imaging. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 11(8), 1107–1118 (1993)
74. Nayler, G.L., Firmin, D.N., Longmore, D.B.: Blood flow imaging by cine magnetic resonance.
J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 10(5), 715–722 (1986)
75. Baledent, O., Gondry-Jouet, C., Meyer, M.E., De Marco, G., Le Gars, D., Henry-Feugeas,
M.C., Idy-Peretti, I.: Relationship between cerebrospinal fluid and blood dynamics in healthy
volunteers and patients with communicating hydrocephalus. Investig. Radiol. 39(1), 45–55
(2004)
76. Bateman, G.A.: Vascular compliance in normal pressure hydrocephalus. AJNR Am. J.
Neuroradiol. 21(9), 1574–1585 (2000)
77. Bradley, W., Scalzo, D., Queralt, J., Nitz, W.N., Atkinson, D.J., Wong, P.: Normal-pressure
hydrocephalus: evaluation with cerebrospinal fluid flow measurements at MR imaging.
Radiology. 198(2), 523–529 (1996)
78. Luetmer, P.H., Huston, J., Friedman, J.A., Dixon, G.R., Petersen, R.C., Jack, C.R., McClelland,
R.L., Ebersold, M.J.: Measurement of cerebrospinal fluid flow at the cerebral aqueduct by use
of phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging: technique validation and utility in diagnosing
idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery. 50(3), 534–543; discussion 543–534
(2002)
79. Mase, M., Yamada, K., Banno, T., Miyachi, T., Ohara, S., Matsumoto, T.: Quantitative analysis
of CSF flow dynamics using MRI in normal pressure hydrocephalus. Acta Neurochir. Suppl.
71, 350–353 (1998)
80. Buonocore, M.H., Bogren, H.: Factors influencing the accuracy and precision of velocityencoded phase imaging. Magn. Reson. Med. 26(1), 141–154 (1992)
81. Baledent, O., Fin, L., Khuoy, L., Ambarki, K., Gauvin, A.C., Gondry-Jouet, C., Meyer, M.E.:
Brain hydrodynamics study by phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging and transcranial
color doppler. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 24(5), 995–1004 (2006)
82. Enzmann, D.R., Ross, M.R., Marks, M.P., Pelc, N.J.: Blood flow in major cerebral arteries
measured by phase-contrast cine MR. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 15(1), 123–129 (1994)
83. Egnor, M., Rosiello, A., Zheng, L.: A model of intracranial pulsations. Pediatr. Neurosurg.
35(6), 284–298 (2001)
84. Penn, R.D., Linninger, A.: The physics of hydrocephalus. Pediatr. Neurosurg. 45(3), 161–174
(2009)
85. Aschoff, A., Kremer, P., Benesch, C., Fruh, K., Klank, A., Kunze, S.: Overdrainage and shunt
technology. Childs Nerv. Syst. 11, 193–202 (1995)
86. Czosnyka, Z.H., Czosnyka, M., Pickard, J.D.: Shunt testing in-vivo: a method based on the
data from the UK shunt evaluation laboratory. Acta Neurochir. Suppl. 81, 27–30 (2002)
87. Taylor, R., Czosnyka, Z., Czosnyka, M., Pickard, J.D.: A laboratory model of testing shunt
performance after implantation. Br. J. Neurosurg. 16, 30–35 (2002)
88. Czosnyka, Z., Czosnyka, M., Richards, H.K., Pickard, J.D.: Posture-related overdrainage:
comparison of the performance of 10 hydrocephalus shunts in vitro. Neurosurgery. 42(2), 327–
333 (1998)
89. Scollato, A., Gallina, P., Gautam, B., Pellicano, G., Cavallini, C., Tenenbaum, R., Di Lorenzo,
N.: Changes in aqueductal CSF stroke volume in shunted patients with idiopathic normalpressure hydrocephalus. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 30(8), 1580–1586 (2009)
L. Geregele et al.
73. Henry-Feugeas, M.C., Idy-Peretti, I., Blanchet, B., Hassine, D., Zannoli, G., SchoumanClaeys, E.: Temporal and spatial assessment of normal cerebrospinal fluid dynamics with MR
imaging. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 11(8), 1107–1118 (1993)
74. Nayler, G.L., Firmin, D.N., Longmore, D.B.: Blood flow imaging by cine magnetic resonance.
J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 10(5), 715–722 (1986)
75. Baledent, O., Gondry-Jouet, C., Meyer, M.E., De Marco, G., Le Gars, D., Henry-Feugeas,
M.C., Idy-Peretti, I.: Relationship between cerebrospinal fluid and blood dynamics in healthy
volunteers and patients with communicating hydrocephalus. Investig. Radiol. 39(1), 45–55
(2004)
76. Bateman, G.A.: Vascular compliance in normal pressure hydrocephalus. AJNR Am. J.
Neuroradiol. 21(9), 1574–1585 (2000)
77. Bradley, W., Scalzo, D., Queralt, J., Nitz, W.N., Atkinson, D.J., Wong, P.: Normal-pressure
hydrocephalus: evaluation with cerebrospinal fluid flow measurements at MR imaging.
Radiology. 198(2), 523–529 (1996)
78. Luetmer, P.H., Huston, J., Friedman, J.A., Dixon, G.R., Petersen, R.C., Jack, C.R., McClelland,
R.L., Ebersold, M.J.: Measurement of cerebrospinal fluid flow at the cerebral aqueduct by use
of phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging: technique validation and utility in diagnosing
idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery. 50(3), 534–543; discussion 543–534
(2002)
79. Mase, M., Yamada, K., Banno, T., Miyachi, T., Ohara, S., Matsumoto, T.: Quantitative analysis
of CSF flow dynamics using MRI in normal pressure hydrocephalus. Acta Neurochir. Suppl.
71, 350–353 (1998)
80. Buonocore, M.H., Bogren, H.: Factors influencing the accuracy and precision of velocityencoded phase imaging. Magn. Reson. Med. 26(1), 141–154 (1992)
81. Baledent, O., Fin, L., Khuoy, L., Ambarki, K., Gauvin, A.C., Gondry-Jouet, C., Meyer, M.E.:
Brain hydrodynamics study by phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging and transcranial
color doppler. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 24(5), 995–1004 (2006)
82. Enzmann, D.R., Ross, M.R., Marks, M.P., Pelc, N.J.: Blood flow in major cerebral arteries
measured by phase-contrast cine MR. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 15(1), 123–129 (1994)
83. Egnor, M., Rosiello, A., Zheng, L.: A model of intracranial pulsations. Pediatr. Neurosurg.
35(6), 284–298 (2001)
84. Penn, R.D., Linninger, A.: The physics of hydrocephalus. Pediatr. Neurosurg. 45(3), 161–174
(2009)
85. Aschoff, A., Kremer, P., Benesch, C., Fruh, K., Klank, A., Kunze, S.: Overdrainage and shunt
technology. Childs Nerv. Syst. 11, 193–202 (1995)
86. Czosnyka, Z.H., Czosnyka, M., Pickard, J.D.: Shunt testing in-vivo: a method based on the
data from the UK shunt evaluation laboratory. Acta Neurochir. Suppl. 81, 27–30 (2002)
87. Taylor, R., Czosnyka, Z., Czosnyka, M., Pickard, J.D.: A laboratory model of testing shunt
performance after implantation. Br. J. Neurosurg. 16, 30–35 (2002)
88. Czosnyka, Z., Czosnyka, M., Richards, H.K., Pickard, J.D.: Posture-related overdrainage:
comparison of the performance of 10 hydrocephalus shunts in vitro. Neurosurgery. 42(2), 327–
333 (1998)
89. Scollato, A., Gallina, P., Gautam, B., Pellicano, G., Cavallini, C., Tenenbaum, R., Di Lorenzo,
N.: Changes in aqueductal CSF stroke volume in shunted patients with idiopathic normalpressure hydrocephalus. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 30(8), 1580–1586 (2009)