8
W. L. Nowinski
• Cerebrum
• Cerebellum (the little brain)
• Brainstem
The cerebrum comprises:
• Left and right cerebral hemispheres
• Interbrain between the cerebrum and the brainstem termed the diencephalon
• Deep grey nuclei (other than diencephalic)
The cerebral hemispheres are the largest compartment of the brain, and they
are interconnected by white matter fibres (see Sect. 2.4.2). The hemispheres are
composed of:
• Outer grey matter termed the cerebral cortex
• Inner white matter encompassing the diencephalon and deep grey nuclei
The grey matter contains mainly nerve cell bodies, while the white matter is
made up predominantly of nerve fibres (axons). The cerebral cortex is highly
convoluted. These folds form so-called gyri that are separated by grooves termed
sulci or fissures (deep sulci). The cerebral hemispheres are parcellated into five lobes
(Fig. 2.1b, c):
• Frontal lobe
• Temporal lobe
• Parietal lobe
• Occipital lobe
• Limbic lobe
The insula is sometimes classified as the (sixth) central or insular lobe. The lobes
are partly demarcated by the sulci/fissures (Fig. 2.1). The central sulcus separates
the frontal lobe anterior from the parietal lobe posterior (Fig. 2.1b). The Sylvian
(lateral) fissure demarcates the temporal lobe below from the frontal and parietal
lobes above (Fig. 2.1b). The parieto-occipital fissure separates the parietal lobe
anterior from the occipital lobe posterior (Fig. 2.1c). The cingulate sulcus separates
the frontal lobe above from the limbic lobe below (Fig. 2.1c).
The diencephalon contains numerous nuclei grouped into four parts (Fig.
2.1c):
• Thalamus (see also Fig. 2.6)
• Subthalamus including the subthalamic nucleus (see Sect. 2.2.6)
• Hypothalamus (see also Fig. 2.10a)
• Epithalamus (comprising the pineal gland)
The cerebellum is composed of (Fig. 2.2a):
• Left and right cerebellar hemispheres
• Midline vermis which unites them
W. L. Nowinski
• Cerebrum
• Cerebellum (the little brain)
• Brainstem
The cerebrum comprises:
• Left and right cerebral hemispheres
• Interbrain between the cerebrum and the brainstem termed the diencephalon
• Deep grey nuclei (other than diencephalic)
The cerebral hemispheres are the largest compartment of the brain, and they
are interconnected by white matter fibres (see Sect. 2.4.2). The hemispheres are
composed of:
• Outer grey matter termed the cerebral cortex
• Inner white matter encompassing the diencephalon and deep grey nuclei
The grey matter contains mainly nerve cell bodies, while the white matter is
made up predominantly of nerve fibres (axons). The cerebral cortex is highly
convoluted. These folds form so-called gyri that are separated by grooves termed
sulci or fissures (deep sulci). The cerebral hemispheres are parcellated into five lobes
(Fig. 2.1b, c):
• Frontal lobe
• Temporal lobe
• Parietal lobe
• Occipital lobe
• Limbic lobe
The insula is sometimes classified as the (sixth) central or insular lobe. The lobes
are partly demarcated by the sulci/fissures (Fig. 2.1). The central sulcus separates
the frontal lobe anterior from the parietal lobe posterior (Fig. 2.1b). The Sylvian
(lateral) fissure demarcates the temporal lobe below from the frontal and parietal
lobes above (Fig. 2.1b). The parieto-occipital fissure separates the parietal lobe
anterior from the occipital lobe posterior (Fig. 2.1c). The cingulate sulcus separates
the frontal lobe above from the limbic lobe below (Fig. 2.1c).
The diencephalon contains numerous nuclei grouped into four parts (Fig.
2.1c):
• Thalamus (see also Fig. 2.6)
• Subthalamus including the subthalamic nucleus (see Sect. 2.2.6)
• Hypothalamus (see also Fig. 2.10a)
• Epithalamus (comprising the pineal gland)
The cerebellum is composed of (Fig. 2.2a):
• Left and right cerebellar hemispheres
• Midline vermis which unites them