59
In terms of performance, the European Union’s overall collection rate, however,
is not so high compared to Japan’s. Based on Table 3.10, Yoshida and Yoshida
(2010) observe that although, in 2005, with a per capita recovery amount of 5.13 kg
(Japan’s per capita collection amount for the four types is 3.5 kg), the European
Union had more than attained its 4-kg target; nevertheless, between individual
countries, considerable differences remain: Sweden had collected 12.20 kg and the
United Kingdom 9.9 kg, whereas the Czech Republic in Eastern Europe had recovered only 0.33 kg (Table 3.1). A look at the collection rates for each of the ten categories shows that, among the ten product categories, refrigerators and air
conditioners account for 27% of the possible total, with 40% for large household
appliances, 28% for information technology equipment, 30% for cathode-ray tube
CRT TVs, and 65% for monitoring and control instruments (United Nations
University and AEA Technology 2007, Table 56). According to the recent Waste
Electrical and Electronic Equipment Forum data for 2007, the per capita recovery
amount is nearly 7.80 kg, and 11 countries have collectively managed to collect over
4.0 kg.
According to estimation by Makela (2009), of the amounts of waste electrical
and electronic equipment the European Union had collected for treatment, only
33% of them were treated and 13% were landfilled properly within EU; while 54%
Table 3.10 Collection performance in the European Union countries and Japan by category, 2005
Category number totals
Country
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1–10
Japan
2.58 n.d. n.d. 0.82 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. NA
Norway
8.15 0.46 2.68 2.01 –
–
0.04 0.06 –
0.01 13.41
Switzerland
4.19 1.40 3.52 2.17 0.12 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.44
Austria
2.00 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 Inc 2 Inc 2 Inc 2 Inc 2 Inc 2 2.77
Belgium
2.99 1.12 1.16 1.64 0.20 0.14 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 7.26
Czech Republic
0.14 0.00 0.12 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.33
Estonia
0.48 0.00 0.04 0.10 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. 0.63
Finland
4.75 0.28 1.44 1.30 0.27 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 8.10
Hungary
0.91 0.04 0.09 0.22 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.27
Ireland
6.68 0.28 0.43 0.67 0.09 0.07 n.d. n.d. 0.00 n.d. 8.22
Netherlands
2.59 0.53 n.d. 1.18 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.02 4.44
Slovakia
0.35 0.04 0.05 0.20 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.66
Sweden
5.01 1.41 2.54 2.36 0.74 0.11 0.02 0.02 n.d. n.d. 12.20
UK
7.17 0.54 0.59 1.10 0.04 0.35 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.95
I=NO=CH average 4.97 0.93 3.10 1.67 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.01 10.80
Euro average
3.11 0.42 0.65 0.88 0.14 0.08 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 5.31
Figures here show the amounts of wastes collected per inhabitant (kg) by country and category. See
the source for details on the used categories (1–10). Categories 1–10 represent the total aggregates
Notes: n.d. no data, Inc 2 included in category 2 figure, NA figure not available
Source: United Nations University and AEA Technology (2007), Table 43, page 74: Collection
performance (kg per inhabitant) by Category
3 An Economic Assessment of Present and Future Electronic-Waste Streams: Japan’s…
In terms of performance, the European Union’s overall collection rate, however,
is not so high compared to Japan’s. Based on Table 3.10, Yoshida and Yoshida
(2010) observe that although, in 2005, with a per capita recovery amount of 5.13 kg
(Japan’s per capita collection amount for the four types is 3.5 kg), the European
Union had more than attained its 4-kg target; nevertheless, between individual
countries, considerable differences remain: Sweden had collected 12.20 kg and the
United Kingdom 9.9 kg, whereas the Czech Republic in Eastern Europe had recovered only 0.33 kg (Table 3.1). A look at the collection rates for each of the ten categories shows that, among the ten product categories, refrigerators and air
conditioners account for 27% of the possible total, with 40% for large household
appliances, 28% for information technology equipment, 30% for cathode-ray tube
CRT TVs, and 65% for monitoring and control instruments (United Nations
University and AEA Technology 2007, Table 56). According to the recent Waste
Electrical and Electronic Equipment Forum data for 2007, the per capita recovery
amount is nearly 7.80 kg, and 11 countries have collectively managed to collect over
4.0 kg.
According to estimation by Makela (2009), of the amounts of waste electrical
and electronic equipment the European Union had collected for treatment, only
33% of them were treated and 13% were landfilled properly within EU; while 54%
Table 3.10 Collection performance in the European Union countries and Japan by category, 2005
Category number totals
Country
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1–10
Japan
2.58 n.d. n.d. 0.82 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. NA
Norway
8.15 0.46 2.68 2.01 –
–
0.04 0.06 –
0.01 13.41
Switzerland
4.19 1.40 3.52 2.17 0.12 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.44
Austria
2.00 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 Inc 2 Inc 2 Inc 2 Inc 2 Inc 2 2.77
Belgium
2.99 1.12 1.16 1.64 0.20 0.14 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 7.26
Czech Republic
0.14 0.00 0.12 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.33
Estonia
0.48 0.00 0.04 0.10 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. 0.63
Finland
4.75 0.28 1.44 1.30 0.27 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 8.10
Hungary
0.91 0.04 0.09 0.22 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.27
Ireland
6.68 0.28 0.43 0.67 0.09 0.07 n.d. n.d. 0.00 n.d. 8.22
Netherlands
2.59 0.53 n.d. 1.18 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.02 4.44
Slovakia
0.35 0.04 0.05 0.20 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.66
Sweden
5.01 1.41 2.54 2.36 0.74 0.11 0.02 0.02 n.d. n.d. 12.20
UK
7.17 0.54 0.59 1.10 0.04 0.35 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.95
I=NO=CH average 4.97 0.93 3.10 1.67 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.01 10.80
Euro average
3.11 0.42 0.65 0.88 0.14 0.08 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 5.31
Figures here show the amounts of wastes collected per inhabitant (kg) by country and category. See
the source for details on the used categories (1–10). Categories 1–10 represent the total aggregates
Notes: n.d. no data, Inc 2 included in category 2 figure, NA figure not available
Source: United Nations University and AEA Technology (2007), Table 43, page 74: Collection
performance (kg per inhabitant) by Category
3 An Economic Assessment of Present and Future Electronic-Waste Streams: Japan’s…