112
lytic cracking/upgrading, gasification, and chemolysis methods. Pyrolyzing of
Electronic-waste prior to catalytic cracking method yielded high-quality oil. This
oil can be further upgraded into clean fuels. Integrated process (pyrolysis and catalytic upgrading) results in considerable financial and ecological benefits during processing Electronic-waste into clean fuels.
Keywords Electronic-waste · chemical recycling · Clean fuel · Energy · Valuable
chemical · Plastics · Hydrothermal · Gasification · Combustion · Environment
6.1 Introduction
Modernized electronic inventions with shorter lifespan of electronic goods made
electronic commerce as the primary budding sector globally. Subsequently, this
paved way for the generation of waste electrical and electronic equipments in huge
quantity annually. Well-developed and budding countries are facing a serious challenge in Electronic-waste management. Waste electrical and electronic equipments
have received attractions universally because of its unique characteristics, energy
value, and impact on the environment and individual healthiness (Ongondo et al.
2011; Perez-Belis et al. 2015). Electronic-waste generation was growing at an exponential rate as much as three times higher than a municipal waste generation
(Rahmani et al. 2014). Researchers on recycling plastic wastes have reached a significant level taking into consideration the ecological benefits and energy demand of
the society.
Electronics and electrical wastes are inhomogeneous and composite in terms of
composition and equipment makeup. They are toxic as heavy metals and hence
need safe usage and recycling to keep away from destructive effects on human and
environment well-being (Freegard et al. 2006; Song and Li 2015). Various materials can be recovered from waste electrical and electronic equipment recycling
process (Widmer et al. 2005). Currently, four methods available for treating waste
electrical and electronic equipment plastics were landfilling, incineration,
mechanical recycling, and chemical recovery. Apart from these four methods,
pyrolysis is also adopted in many countries for producing hydrocarbons and
chemical compounds.
Electronic-waste recycling due to poor technical capacity and inadequate
collection methods have achieved only 13% recycling rate despite various recycling
technologies available throughout the world (Jiang et al. 2012). Globally research
on Electronic-waste recycling was still far from generating closed loop systems for
efficient processing of Electronic-waste to recover valuable chemicals (Li et al.
2015). Theoretical guide to recycling waste should make use of the precedent
experience, and it should deal with the current electronics production rate. The
eco- friendly design attracted the consumers, recyclers, and manufacturers (Stevels
et al. 2013).
J. Arun and K. P. Gopinath
lytic cracking/upgrading, gasification, and chemolysis methods. Pyrolyzing of
Electronic-waste prior to catalytic cracking method yielded high-quality oil. This
oil can be further upgraded into clean fuels. Integrated process (pyrolysis and catalytic upgrading) results in considerable financial and ecological benefits during processing Electronic-waste into clean fuels.
Keywords Electronic-waste · chemical recycling · Clean fuel · Energy · Valuable
chemical · Plastics · Hydrothermal · Gasification · Combustion · Environment
6.1 Introduction
Modernized electronic inventions with shorter lifespan of electronic goods made
electronic commerce as the primary budding sector globally. Subsequently, this
paved way for the generation of waste electrical and electronic equipments in huge
quantity annually. Well-developed and budding countries are facing a serious challenge in Electronic-waste management. Waste electrical and electronic equipments
have received attractions universally because of its unique characteristics, energy
value, and impact on the environment and individual healthiness (Ongondo et al.
2011; Perez-Belis et al. 2015). Electronic-waste generation was growing at an exponential rate as much as three times higher than a municipal waste generation
(Rahmani et al. 2014). Researchers on recycling plastic wastes have reached a significant level taking into consideration the ecological benefits and energy demand of
the society.
Electronics and electrical wastes are inhomogeneous and composite in terms of
composition and equipment makeup. They are toxic as heavy metals and hence
need safe usage and recycling to keep away from destructive effects on human and
environment well-being (Freegard et al. 2006; Song and Li 2015). Various materials can be recovered from waste electrical and electronic equipment recycling
process (Widmer et al. 2005). Currently, four methods available for treating waste
electrical and electronic equipment plastics were landfilling, incineration,
mechanical recycling, and chemical recovery. Apart from these four methods,
pyrolysis is also adopted in many countries for producing hydrocarbons and
chemical compounds.
Electronic-waste recycling due to poor technical capacity and inadequate
collection methods have achieved only 13% recycling rate despite various recycling
technologies available throughout the world (Jiang et al. 2012). Globally research
on Electronic-waste recycling was still far from generating closed loop systems for
efficient processing of Electronic-waste to recover valuable chemicals (Li et al.
2015). Theoretical guide to recycling waste should make use of the precedent
experience, and it should deal with the current electronics production rate. The
eco- friendly design attracted the consumers, recyclers, and manufacturers (Stevels
et al. 2013).
J. Arun and K. P. Gopinath