8 Analysis of EEG in Medically Intractable Epilepsy
191
11. J.S. Ebersole, D.R. Nordli, A.M. Husain, Current practice of clinical electroencephalography
(2014)
12. J. Engel, Seizures and Epilepsy, 2nd edn. (Oxford University Press, New York, 2013)
13. R. Feng, J. Hu, L. Pan et al., Application of 256-channel dense array electroencephalographic
source imaging in presurgical workup of temporal lobe epilepsy. Clin. Neurophysiol. 127,
108–116 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2015.03.009
14. R.S. Fisher, H.E. Scharfman, M. deCurtis, How can we identify ictal and interictal abnormal
activity? Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 813, 3–23 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8914-1_1
15. R.S. Fisher, W.R. Webber, R.P. Lesser et al., High-frequency EEG activity at the start of
seizures. J. Clin. Neurophysiol. Off. Publ. Am. Electroencephalogr. Soc. 9, 441–448 (1992)
16. B. Frauscher, F. Bartolomei, K. Kobayashi et al., High-frequency oscillations: the state of
clinical research. Epilepsia 58, 1316–1329 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.13829
17. Y. Höller, R. Kutil, L. Klaffenböck et al., High-frequency oscillations in epilepsy and surgical
outcome. A meta-analysis. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 9 (2015). https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2
015.00574
18. K.-S. Hong, S.K. Lee, J.-Y. Kim et al., Pre-surgical evaluation and surgical outcome of 41
patients with non-lesional neocortical epilepsy. Seizure 11, 184–192 (2002). https://doi.org/1
0.1053/seiz.2001.0616
19. J. Jacobs, P. LeVan, R. Chander et al., Interictal high-frequency oscillations (80–500 Hz)
are an indicator of seizure onset areas independent of spikes in the human epileptic brain.
Epilepsia 49, 1893–1907 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01656.x
20. J.D. Jirsch, E. Urrestarazu, P. LeVan et al., High-frequency oscillations during human focal
seizures. Brain 129, 1593–1608 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awl085
21. P. Jiruska, C. Alvarado-Rojas, C.A. Schevon et al., Update on the mechanisms and roles
of high-frequency oscillations in seizures and epileptic disorders. Epilepsia 58, 1330–1339
(2017). https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.13830
22. K. Kaiboriboon, H.O. Lüders, M. Hamaneh et al., EEG source imaging in epilepsy—practicalities and pitfalls. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 8, 498–507 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2
012.150
23. A.M. Lascano, T. Perneger, S. Vulliemoz et al., Yield of MRI, high-density electric source
imaging (HD-ESI), SPECT and PET in epilepsy surgery candidates. Clin. Neurophysiol. 127,
150–155 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2015.03.025
24. S.K. Lee, S.Y. Lee, K.-K. Kim et al., Surgical outcome and prognostic factors of cryptogenic
neocortical epilepsy. Ann. Neurol. 58, 525–532 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.20569
25. S.-Y. Lee, S.-E. Chung, D.W. Kim et al., Estimating the prevalence of treated epilepsy using
administrative health data and its validity: ESSENCE study. J. Clin. Neurol. 12, 434–440
(2016). https://doi.org/10.3988/jcn.2016.12.4.434
26. S.-Y. Lee, J.-Y. Lee, D.W. Kim et al., Factors related to successful antiepileptic drug withdrawal
after anterior temporal lobectomy for medial temporal lobe epilepsy. Seizure 17, 11–18 (2008).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2007.05.014
27. F.S.S. Leijten, G. Huiskamp, Interictal electromagnetic source imaging in focal epilepsy:
practices, results and recommendations. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 21, 437–445 (2008). https://doi.
org/10.1097/WCO.0b013e3283081e23
28. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, St. E. Louis, L. Frey et al., Electroencephalography (EEG): an introductory text and atlas of normal and abnormal findings in
adults, children, and infants. American Epilepsy Society (2016)
29. P. Modur, S. Miocinovic, Interictal high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) as predictors of high
frequency and conventional seizure onset zones. Epileptic. Disord. 17, 413–424 (2015).
https://doi.org/10.1684/epd.2015.0774
30. B.E. Mouthaan, M. Rados, P. Barsi et al., Current use of imaging and electromagnetic source
localization procedures in epilepsy surgery centers across Europe. Epilepsia 57, 770–776
(2016). https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.13347
31. D.R. Nair, Management of drug-resistant epilepsy. Contin. Lifelong Learn Neurol. 22,
157–172 (2016)
191
11. J.S. Ebersole, D.R. Nordli, A.M. Husain, Current practice of clinical electroencephalography
(2014)
12. J. Engel, Seizures and Epilepsy, 2nd edn. (Oxford University Press, New York, 2013)
13. R. Feng, J. Hu, L. Pan et al., Application of 256-channel dense array electroencephalographic
source imaging in presurgical workup of temporal lobe epilepsy. Clin. Neurophysiol. 127,
108–116 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2015.03.009
14. R.S. Fisher, H.E. Scharfman, M. deCurtis, How can we identify ictal and interictal abnormal
activity? Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 813, 3–23 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8914-1_1
15. R.S. Fisher, W.R. Webber, R.P. Lesser et al., High-frequency EEG activity at the start of
seizures. J. Clin. Neurophysiol. Off. Publ. Am. Electroencephalogr. Soc. 9, 441–448 (1992)
16. B. Frauscher, F. Bartolomei, K. Kobayashi et al., High-frequency oscillations: the state of
clinical research. Epilepsia 58, 1316–1329 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.13829
17. Y. Höller, R. Kutil, L. Klaffenböck et al., High-frequency oscillations in epilepsy and surgical
outcome. A meta-analysis. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 9 (2015). https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2
015.00574
18. K.-S. Hong, S.K. Lee, J.-Y. Kim et al., Pre-surgical evaluation and surgical outcome of 41
patients with non-lesional neocortical epilepsy. Seizure 11, 184–192 (2002). https://doi.org/1
0.1053/seiz.2001.0616
19. J. Jacobs, P. LeVan, R. Chander et al., Interictal high-frequency oscillations (80–500 Hz)
are an indicator of seizure onset areas independent of spikes in the human epileptic brain.
Epilepsia 49, 1893–1907 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01656.x
20. J.D. Jirsch, E. Urrestarazu, P. LeVan et al., High-frequency oscillations during human focal
seizures. Brain 129, 1593–1608 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awl085
21. P. Jiruska, C. Alvarado-Rojas, C.A. Schevon et al., Update on the mechanisms and roles
of high-frequency oscillations in seizures and epileptic disorders. Epilepsia 58, 1330–1339
(2017). https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.13830
22. K. Kaiboriboon, H.O. Lüders, M. Hamaneh et al., EEG source imaging in epilepsy—practicalities and pitfalls. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 8, 498–507 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2
012.150
23. A.M. Lascano, T. Perneger, S. Vulliemoz et al., Yield of MRI, high-density electric source
imaging (HD-ESI), SPECT and PET in epilepsy surgery candidates. Clin. Neurophysiol. 127,
150–155 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2015.03.025
24. S.K. Lee, S.Y. Lee, K.-K. Kim et al., Surgical outcome and prognostic factors of cryptogenic
neocortical epilepsy. Ann. Neurol. 58, 525–532 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.20569
25. S.-Y. Lee, S.-E. Chung, D.W. Kim et al., Estimating the prevalence of treated epilepsy using
administrative health data and its validity: ESSENCE study. J. Clin. Neurol. 12, 434–440
(2016). https://doi.org/10.3988/jcn.2016.12.4.434
26. S.-Y. Lee, J.-Y. Lee, D.W. Kim et al., Factors related to successful antiepileptic drug withdrawal
after anterior temporal lobectomy for medial temporal lobe epilepsy. Seizure 17, 11–18 (2008).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2007.05.014
27. F.S.S. Leijten, G. Huiskamp, Interictal electromagnetic source imaging in focal epilepsy:
practices, results and recommendations. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 21, 437–445 (2008). https://doi.
org/10.1097/WCO.0b013e3283081e23
28. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, St. E. Louis, L. Frey et al., Electroencephalography (EEG): an introductory text and atlas of normal and abnormal findings in
adults, children, and infants. American Epilepsy Society (2016)
29. P. Modur, S. Miocinovic, Interictal high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) as predictors of high
frequency and conventional seizure onset zones. Epileptic. Disord. 17, 413–424 (2015).
https://doi.org/10.1684/epd.2015.0774
30. B.E. Mouthaan, M. Rados, P. Barsi et al., Current use of imaging and electromagnetic source
localization procedures in epilepsy surgery centers across Europe. Epilepsia 57, 770–776
(2016). https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.13347
31. D.R. Nair, Management of drug-resistant epilepsy. Contin. Lifelong Learn Neurol. 22,
157–172 (2016)