meso-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3,4-bis(carboxymethyleneoxy)phenyl)porphyrin 13 (T3,48CPP)
in tumor-bearing Swiss mice, the compound accumulated in the abdominal tumor
[53].
Chatterjee et al. reported
99m
Tc labeled meso-Tetrakis(4-(carboxymethyleneoxy)
phenyl)porphyrin and injected this into mammary-tumor-bearing rats, resulting in
tumor accumulation [54]. Siegler et al. described
99m Tc-labeled hematoporphyrin
derivative for localizing neoplasms in tumor-bearing animal [55]. The scintigrams
and tissue distribution data demonstrated favorable tumor-to-organ ratios sufficiently high for tumor detection. Porphyrin-phospholipid liposomes have been
labeled with
99m
Tc [56].
A water-soluble
99m
Tc labeled cyclam acid porphyrin (CAP), 5,10,15,20-tetrakis
(4-(4′,8′,11′-tris(carboxymethyl)-1′-(1′,4′,8′,11′-tetraazacyclotetradecane)amidomethyleneoxy)-phenyl) porphyrin (14 a, b) was developed for tumor imaging [57].
In vivo distribution studies and scintigram imaging were performed in C6-gliomas
and N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) induced mammary tumor bearing rats. These
compounds had high tumor-to-muscle ratios compared with
99m
Tc(V)-DMSA,
99m Tc-Citrate and
201
TlCl, suggesting that
99m Tc-CAP has potential for cancer
detection. The same group reported water soluble dendritic porphyrins, termed 15a
and 15b successfully radiolabeled with
99m Tc [58]. These were administered them
to Wistar rats bearing C6-glioma for scintigram imaging and biodistribution studies.
Tumor to muscle ratios of 15a and 15b were 8.0 and 9.7, respectively.
99m Tc labeled 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3,4-bis(carboxymethyleneoxy)phenyl) porphyrin (T3,4BCPP) 16 was developed for tumor imaging [59]. It is noteworthy that
in this compound
99m Tc binds at the periphery of the porphyrin, a free-base porphyrin without metal substitution in the porphyrin core. By using this water-soluble
compound, biodistribution and imaging studies were carried out in C6-gliomas and
mammary tumor-bearing animals. T3,4BCPP showed higher tumor-to-muscle ratio
in both C6-gliomas, C3H/J mammary tumors and NMU-induced mammary tumors
compared with already reported chelates. Chu et al. reported an amino acid
histidine-coupled hematoporphyrin (His-Hp) 17 radiolabeled with (
99m Tc
(CO) 3 (H 2 O) 3 )
+ [60]. This was employed for biodistribution studies in mice bearing
S180 tumors and tumor uptake was observed.
JFig. 3.7 Self-assembled multifunctional NP. a Schematic illustration of a multifunctional NP
self-assembled by a representative porphyrin–telodendrimer, PEG5 k-Por4-CA4, composed of
four pyropheophorbide-a molecules and four cholic acids attached to the terminal end of a linear
PEG chain. b PET image of nude mice bearing SKOV3 ovarian cancer xenografts at 4, 8, 16, 24
and 48 h post injection of
64
Cu-labeled NPs (150–200 ml,
64
Cu dose: 0.6–0.8 mCi). The white
arrow points to the tumor site. c PET-MR images of tumor slices of nude mice bearing A549 lung
cancer xenograft at 4 or 24 h post injection of dual-labeled NPs. White arrow points to the necrotic
area in the center of the tumor. Permission obtained from [43]. Copyright (2014) by Springer
Nature. (D) SPECT images of
68
Ga-TFPP (90 MBq, 22 lCi) in Swiss mice bearing fibrosarcoma
tumors 1 h post injection. Permission obtained from [47]. Copyright (2012) by Springer
3 Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Radiolabeling
63
in tumor-bearing Swiss mice, the compound accumulated in the abdominal tumor
[53].
Chatterjee et al. reported
99m
Tc labeled meso-Tetrakis(4-(carboxymethyleneoxy)
phenyl)porphyrin and injected this into mammary-tumor-bearing rats, resulting in
tumor accumulation [54]. Siegler et al. described
99m Tc-labeled hematoporphyrin
derivative for localizing neoplasms in tumor-bearing animal [55]. The scintigrams
and tissue distribution data demonstrated favorable tumor-to-organ ratios sufficiently high for tumor detection. Porphyrin-phospholipid liposomes have been
labeled with
99m
Tc [56].
A water-soluble
99m
Tc labeled cyclam acid porphyrin (CAP), 5,10,15,20-tetrakis
(4-(4′,8′,11′-tris(carboxymethyl)-1′-(1′,4′,8′,11′-tetraazacyclotetradecane)amidomethyleneoxy)-phenyl) porphyrin (14 a, b) was developed for tumor imaging [57].
In vivo distribution studies and scintigram imaging were performed in C6-gliomas
and N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) induced mammary tumor bearing rats. These
compounds had high tumor-to-muscle ratios compared with
99m
Tc(V)-DMSA,
99m Tc-Citrate and
201
TlCl, suggesting that
99m Tc-CAP has potential for cancer
detection. The same group reported water soluble dendritic porphyrins, termed 15a
and 15b successfully radiolabeled with
99m Tc [58]. These were administered them
to Wistar rats bearing C6-glioma for scintigram imaging and biodistribution studies.
Tumor to muscle ratios of 15a and 15b were 8.0 and 9.7, respectively.
99m Tc labeled 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3,4-bis(carboxymethyleneoxy)phenyl) porphyrin (T3,4BCPP) 16 was developed for tumor imaging [59]. It is noteworthy that
in this compound
99m Tc binds at the periphery of the porphyrin, a free-base porphyrin without metal substitution in the porphyrin core. By using this water-soluble
compound, biodistribution and imaging studies were carried out in C6-gliomas and
mammary tumor-bearing animals. T3,4BCPP showed higher tumor-to-muscle ratio
in both C6-gliomas, C3H/J mammary tumors and NMU-induced mammary tumors
compared with already reported chelates. Chu et al. reported an amino acid
histidine-coupled hematoporphyrin (His-Hp) 17 radiolabeled with (
99m Tc
(CO) 3 (H 2 O) 3 )
+ [60]. This was employed for biodistribution studies in mice bearing
S180 tumors and tumor uptake was observed.
JFig. 3.7 Self-assembled multifunctional NP. a Schematic illustration of a multifunctional NP
self-assembled by a representative porphyrin–telodendrimer, PEG5 k-Por4-CA4, composed of
four pyropheophorbide-a molecules and four cholic acids attached to the terminal end of a linear
PEG chain. b PET image of nude mice bearing SKOV3 ovarian cancer xenografts at 4, 8, 16, 24
and 48 h post injection of
64
Cu-labeled NPs (150–200 ml,
64
Cu dose: 0.6–0.8 mCi). The white
arrow points to the tumor site. c PET-MR images of tumor slices of nude mice bearing A549 lung
cancer xenograft at 4 or 24 h post injection of dual-labeled NPs. White arrow points to the necrotic
area in the center of the tumor. Permission obtained from [43]. Copyright (2014) by Springer
Nature. (D) SPECT images of
68
Ga-TFPP (90 MBq, 22 lCi) in Swiss mice bearing fibrosarcoma
tumors 1 h post injection. Permission obtained from [47]. Copyright (2012) by Springer
3 Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Radiolabeling
63