46. T. Ishida, M. Ichihara, X. Wang, H. Kiwada, Spleen plays an important role in the induction
of accelerated blood clearance of PEGylated liposomes. J. Control Release 115(3), 243–250
(2006)
47. S.C. Semple, T.O. Harasym, K.A. Clow, S.M. Ansell, S.K. Klimuk, M.J. Hope,
Immunogenicity and rapid blood clearance of liposomes containing polyethylene
glycol-lipid conjugates and nucleic Acid. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 312(3), 1020–1026 (2005)
48. H. Koide, T. Asai, K. Hatanaka, S. Akai, T. Ishii, E. Kenjo et al., T cell-independent B cell
response is responsible for ABC phenomenon induced by repeated injection of PEGylated
liposomes. Int. J. Pharm. 392(1–2), 218–223 (2010)
49. X. Wang, T. Ishida, H. Kiwada, Anti-PEG IgM elicited by injection of liposomes is involved
in the enhanced blood clearance of a subsequent dose of PEGylated liposomes. J. Control
Release 119(2), 236–244 (2007)
50. T. Ishida, K. Atobe, X. Wang, H. Kiwada, Accelerated blood clearance of PEGylated
liposomes upon repeated injections: effect of doxorubicin-encapsulation and high-dose first
injection. J. Control Release 115(3), 251–258 (2006)
51. Q. Yang, Y. Ma, Y. Zhao, Z. She, L. Wang, J. Li et al., Accelerated drug release and
clearance of PEGylated epirubicin liposomes following repeated injections: a new challenge
for sequential low-dose chemotherapy. Int. J. Nanomed. 8, 1257–1268 (2013)
52. C.A. Janeway Jr., How the immune system works to protect the host from infection: a
personal view. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(13), 7461–7468 (2001)
53. Y. Hashimoto, T. Shimizu, A.S. Abu Lila, T. Ishida, H. Kiwada, Relationship between the
concentration of anti-polyethylene glycol (PEG) immunoglobulin M (IgM) and the intensity
of the accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon against PEGylated liposomes in mice.
Biol. Pharm. Bull. 38(3), 417–424 (2015)
54. A. Cerutti, M. Cols, I. Puga, Marginal zone B cells: virtues of innate-like antibody-producing
lymphocytes. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 13(2), 118–132 (2013)
55. T.L. Cheng, P.Y. Wu, M.F. Wu, J.W. Chern, S.R. Roffler, Accelerated clearance of
polyethylene glycol-modified proteins by anti-polyethylene glycol IgM. Bioconjug. Chem. 10
(3), 520–528 (1999)
56. M.G. Saifer, L.D. Williams, M.A. Sobczyk, S.J. Michaels, M.R. Sherman, Selectivity of
binding of PEGs and PEG-like oligomers to anti-PEG antibodies induced by
methoxyPEG-proteins. Mol. Immunol. 57(2), 236–246 (2014)
57. K. Shiraishi, M. Hamano, H. Ma, K. Kawano, Y. Maitani, T. Aoshi et al., Hydrophobic
blocks of PEG-conjugates play a significant role in the accelerated blood clearance
(ABC) phenomenon. J. Control Release 165(3), 183–190 (2013)
58. J.J. Verhoef, J.F. Carpenter, T.J. Anchordoquy, H. Schellekens, Potential induction of
anti-PEG antibodies and complement activation toward PEGylated therapeutics. Drug Discov.
Today 19(12), 1945–1952 (2014)
59. L.M. Kaminskas, V.M. McLeod, C.J. Porter, B.J. Boyd, Differences in colloidal structure of
PEGylated nanomaterials dictate the likelihood of accelerated blood clearance. J. Pharm. Sci.
100(11), 5069–5077 (2011)
60. N. Longo, C.O. Harding, B.K. Burton, D.K. Grange, J. Vockley, M. Wasserstein et al.,
Single-dose, subcutaneous recombinant phenylalanine ammonia lyase conjugated with
polyethylene glycol in adult patients with phenylketonuria: an open-label, multicentre, phase
1 dose-escalation trial. Lancet 384(9937), 37–44 (2014)
61. N.J. Ganson, T.J. Povsic, B.A. Sullenger, J.H. Alexander, S.L. Zelenkofske, J.M. Sailstad
et al., Pre-existing anti-polyethylene glycol antibody linked to first-exposure allergic reactions
to pegnivacogin, a PEGylated RNA aptamer. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 137(5), 1610–1613
(2016)
62. H.L. Tillmann, A,J. Thompson, K. Patel, M. Wiese, H. Tenckhoff, H.D. Nischalke et al., A
polymorphism near IL28B is associated with spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C virus
and jaundice. Gastroenterology 139(5), 1586–1592 (2010)
63. P. Dewachter, C. Mouton-Faivre, Anaphylaxis to macrogol 4000 after a parenteral corticoid
injection. Allergy 60(5), 705–706 (2005)
386
A. S. Abu Lila and T. Ishida
of accelerated blood clearance of PEGylated liposomes. J. Control Release 115(3), 243–250
(2006)
47. S.C. Semple, T.O. Harasym, K.A. Clow, S.M. Ansell, S.K. Klimuk, M.J. Hope,
Immunogenicity and rapid blood clearance of liposomes containing polyethylene
glycol-lipid conjugates and nucleic Acid. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 312(3), 1020–1026 (2005)
48. H. Koide, T. Asai, K. Hatanaka, S. Akai, T. Ishii, E. Kenjo et al., T cell-independent B cell
response is responsible for ABC phenomenon induced by repeated injection of PEGylated
liposomes. Int. J. Pharm. 392(1–2), 218–223 (2010)
49. X. Wang, T. Ishida, H. Kiwada, Anti-PEG IgM elicited by injection of liposomes is involved
in the enhanced blood clearance of a subsequent dose of PEGylated liposomes. J. Control
Release 119(2), 236–244 (2007)
50. T. Ishida, K. Atobe, X. Wang, H. Kiwada, Accelerated blood clearance of PEGylated
liposomes upon repeated injections: effect of doxorubicin-encapsulation and high-dose first
injection. J. Control Release 115(3), 251–258 (2006)
51. Q. Yang, Y. Ma, Y. Zhao, Z. She, L. Wang, J. Li et al., Accelerated drug release and
clearance of PEGylated epirubicin liposomes following repeated injections: a new challenge
for sequential low-dose chemotherapy. Int. J. Nanomed. 8, 1257–1268 (2013)
52. C.A. Janeway Jr., How the immune system works to protect the host from infection: a
personal view. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(13), 7461–7468 (2001)
53. Y. Hashimoto, T. Shimizu, A.S. Abu Lila, T. Ishida, H. Kiwada, Relationship between the
concentration of anti-polyethylene glycol (PEG) immunoglobulin M (IgM) and the intensity
of the accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon against PEGylated liposomes in mice.
Biol. Pharm. Bull. 38(3), 417–424 (2015)
54. A. Cerutti, M. Cols, I. Puga, Marginal zone B cells: virtues of innate-like antibody-producing
lymphocytes. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 13(2), 118–132 (2013)
55. T.L. Cheng, P.Y. Wu, M.F. Wu, J.W. Chern, S.R. Roffler, Accelerated clearance of
polyethylene glycol-modified proteins by anti-polyethylene glycol IgM. Bioconjug. Chem. 10
(3), 520–528 (1999)
56. M.G. Saifer, L.D. Williams, M.A. Sobczyk, S.J. Michaels, M.R. Sherman, Selectivity of
binding of PEGs and PEG-like oligomers to anti-PEG antibodies induced by
methoxyPEG-proteins. Mol. Immunol. 57(2), 236–246 (2014)
57. K. Shiraishi, M. Hamano, H. Ma, K. Kawano, Y. Maitani, T. Aoshi et al., Hydrophobic
blocks of PEG-conjugates play a significant role in the accelerated blood clearance
(ABC) phenomenon. J. Control Release 165(3), 183–190 (2013)
58. J.J. Verhoef, J.F. Carpenter, T.J. Anchordoquy, H. Schellekens, Potential induction of
anti-PEG antibodies and complement activation toward PEGylated therapeutics. Drug Discov.
Today 19(12), 1945–1952 (2014)
59. L.M. Kaminskas, V.M. McLeod, C.J. Porter, B.J. Boyd, Differences in colloidal structure of
PEGylated nanomaterials dictate the likelihood of accelerated blood clearance. J. Pharm. Sci.
100(11), 5069–5077 (2011)
60. N. Longo, C.O. Harding, B.K. Burton, D.K. Grange, J. Vockley, M. Wasserstein et al.,
Single-dose, subcutaneous recombinant phenylalanine ammonia lyase conjugated with
polyethylene glycol in adult patients with phenylketonuria: an open-label, multicentre, phase
1 dose-escalation trial. Lancet 384(9937), 37–44 (2014)
61. N.J. Ganson, T.J. Povsic, B.A. Sullenger, J.H. Alexander, S.L. Zelenkofske, J.M. Sailstad
et al., Pre-existing anti-polyethylene glycol antibody linked to first-exposure allergic reactions
to pegnivacogin, a PEGylated RNA aptamer. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 137(5), 1610–1613
(2016)
62. H.L. Tillmann, A,J. Thompson, K. Patel, M. Wiese, H. Tenckhoff, H.D. Nischalke et al., A
polymorphism near IL28B is associated with spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C virus
and jaundice. Gastroenterology 139(5), 1586–1592 (2010)
63. P. Dewachter, C. Mouton-Faivre, Anaphylaxis to macrogol 4000 after a parenteral corticoid
injection. Allergy 60(5), 705–706 (2005)
386
A. S. Abu Lila and T. Ishida