Part VII
Immune Responses to Nanomaterials
Chapter 20: Immune Response to PEGylated Nanomedicines: Impact of IgM
Response
Chapter 21: Innate Immunity to Nanomaterials
In this part, the readers can get to the facts and principles of immune responses to
the administered nanomaterials or the radionanomaterials elucidated so far in animals and in humans. There has been a hope that radionanomedicines when they are
used in trace amount, will avoid any adverse reaction from its pharmacological
effects. Increasing specific activity of radiolabeling will decrease the amount or
nanomaterials to eliminate the concerns of pharmacologic effect. However, we also
know that very small amount of exogenous infectious or noninfectious materials
can elicit any amount of adverse immune responses. As was commented at the end
of the introductory editorial to the previous Part VI, and also as I don’t think that
there should be much difference between nanomaterials and radionanomaterials,
this chapter is entitled with immune response to nanomaterials but not to radionanomaterials. And this is also the case with any use or trace amount of radiolabeled nanomaterials. The prediction of immune responses to the injected
pharmaceuticals and even nanomaterials is extremely difficult, however, nuclear
medicine physicians all know well that the trace amount of radiopharmaceuticals
has shown far less risk of eliciting immune responses. To be conservative, and as
we don’t know that the size of nanomaterials might or might not make difference in
eliciting pseudoallergy, innate immune response, or IgM or other possible cellular
responses from biomacromolecules or even small molecules.
In Chap. 20, the readers will gain the well-summarized information regarding the
IgM responses to nanomaterials mostly against liposomes. Recent addition of the
IgM responses to other nanomaterials or even graphene oxides was touched upon.
In Chap. 21, the readers will enjoy the summary of the recent radical changes in the
role of innate immunity and tissue-resident macrophages, as the progress of
understanding these areas was remarkable and thus thought experiment was
Immune Responses to Nanomaterials
Chapter 20: Immune Response to PEGylated Nanomedicines: Impact of IgM
Response
Chapter 21: Innate Immunity to Nanomaterials
In this part, the readers can get to the facts and principles of immune responses to
the administered nanomaterials or the radionanomaterials elucidated so far in animals and in humans. There has been a hope that radionanomedicines when they are
used in trace amount, will avoid any adverse reaction from its pharmacological
effects. Increasing specific activity of radiolabeling will decrease the amount or
nanomaterials to eliminate the concerns of pharmacologic effect. However, we also
know that very small amount of exogenous infectious or noninfectious materials
can elicit any amount of adverse immune responses. As was commented at the end
of the introductory editorial to the previous Part VI, and also as I don’t think that
there should be much difference between nanomaterials and radionanomaterials,
this chapter is entitled with immune response to nanomaterials but not to radionanomaterials. And this is also the case with any use or trace amount of radiolabeled nanomaterials. The prediction of immune responses to the injected
pharmaceuticals and even nanomaterials is extremely difficult, however, nuclear
medicine physicians all know well that the trace amount of radiopharmaceuticals
has shown far less risk of eliciting immune responses. To be conservative, and as
we don’t know that the size of nanomaterials might or might not make difference in
eliciting pseudoallergy, innate immune response, or IgM or other possible cellular
responses from biomacromolecules or even small molecules.
In Chap. 20, the readers will gain the well-summarized information regarding the
IgM responses to nanomaterials mostly against liposomes. Recent addition of the
IgM responses to other nanomaterials or even graphene oxides was touched upon.
In Chap. 21, the readers will enjoy the summary of the recent radical changes in the
role of innate immunity and tissue-resident macrophages, as the progress of
understanding these areas was remarkable and thus thought experiment was