factors can affect the route and efficiency of clearance/excretion of nanomaterials,
which includes size, charge, shape, component, and functional moiety of the
nanomaterials. In this chapter, we will describe the physiology of clearance and
excretion, and factors affecting the clearance/excretion, also, perspectives to design
the nanomaterials with favorable clearance/excretion characteristics.
19.2 Renal Excretion of Nanoparticles
19.2.1 Physiology of Renal Excretion
The kidney is the major organ for the drug excretion. The nephron is the functional
unit of the kidney and consists of a renal corpuscle and renal tubules. Renal corpuscle is composed of a glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule. The glomerulus is a
Fig. 19.1 Two major pathways for clearance of intravenously injected nanomaterials: reticuloendothelial system (RES, also called the mononuclear phagocytic system; MPS) and renal
system. Reproduced with permission [1]
348
H.-J. Im
which includes size, charge, shape, component, and functional moiety of the
nanomaterials. In this chapter, we will describe the physiology of clearance and
excretion, and factors affecting the clearance/excretion, also, perspectives to design
the nanomaterials with favorable clearance/excretion characteristics.
19.2 Renal Excretion of Nanoparticles
19.2.1 Physiology of Renal Excretion
The kidney is the major organ for the drug excretion. The nephron is the functional
unit of the kidney and consists of a renal corpuscle and renal tubules. Renal corpuscle is composed of a glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule. The glomerulus is a
Fig. 19.1 Two major pathways for clearance of intravenously injected nanomaterials: reticuloendothelial system (RES, also called the mononuclear phagocytic system; MPS) and renal
system. Reproduced with permission [1]
348
H.-J. Im