to be solved were the first trial of this new book about a novel discipline. The only
remaining thing after this fully-equipped book was published is that in the era of
in vitro companion diagnostics, whether radionanomedicine will also need to be
with in vitro companion diagnostics or radionanomedicine will act as an option of
in vivo companion diagnostics for the novel therapeutics which will be developed
and approved for any clinical use. In vivo companion diagnostics are going to be
explained in another book in due time, and now is the time to enjoy the
well-dispersed problems and solutions and moreover the expanded imaginations to
comprehend the reason for success or failure of novel theranostics, therapeutics and
diagnostic imaging in vivo in this book.
Here the book was composed of several sections. Each section contained several
chapters written by different authors. The chapters are mutually complimentary and
not exclusive but a little redundant. The redundancy was intentional and went
through a meticulous editing by myself and my young colleague radiochemists and
nuclear medicine physicians. Here follows the details.
Radionanomedicine can be classified to the one which use exogenous radionanomedicines, i.e. radiolabeled nanomedicines or nanomaterials and another
which use endogenous radionanomedicine. This is quite a convenient classification
to understand the bodily response to the administered nanomaterials while body
responds to the exogenous materials in one way and the endogenous materials in
another way. The response of bodily immune system can change biodistribution
and even cause adverse reaction to the exogenous materials but the response of
immune response to the endogenous materials might be more sophisticated.
Understanding of the resulting fate of exogenous or endogenous materials should
depend on different way of reasoning.
Among the exogenous materials, iron oxide, gold, quantum dots, silica or other
materials have been the majority since the dates of the advent of nanomedicine but
most recently, emphasizing in vivo usability, new materials came to be the focus of
attention. Graphenes and porphysomes were the examples and we detailed the
explanation. In the chapters of inorganic nanomaterials, theranostic porphysomes
and organic nanomaterials, one can meet the comprehensive review of the progress
of hope to use these radiolabeled nanomedicines for possible human and clinical
use. Radiolabeled iron oxides, radiolabeled gold, radiolabeled quantum dots, or
radiolabeled silica and others are going to make a path to clinical translation one
day and their preliminary application to small animals in vivo are to be found in this
section. The theranostic applicability of porphysome of photodynamic and beta
ray-emitting radionuclides will be understood by reading the special chapter of
porphyrin and phthalocyanine radiolabeling. One will be able to understand how
many radionuclides can be easily chelated with porphyrin which will later be the
constituent making nanoparticles for simultaneous beta-radiation and photodynamic
therapy.
In the following chapter of graphene, the great but still unexplored possibility of
using graphene oxide or radiographene was explained in great abstraction from the
recent developments and trials to use these novel materials for biomedical purposes.
Every detail will cast a concern of lack of knowledge and at the same time a hope of
1 Introduction
5
remaining thing after this fully-equipped book was published is that in the era of
in vitro companion diagnostics, whether radionanomedicine will also need to be
with in vitro companion diagnostics or radionanomedicine will act as an option of
in vivo companion diagnostics for the novel therapeutics which will be developed
and approved for any clinical use. In vivo companion diagnostics are going to be
explained in another book in due time, and now is the time to enjoy the
well-dispersed problems and solutions and moreover the expanded imaginations to
comprehend the reason for success or failure of novel theranostics, therapeutics and
diagnostic imaging in vivo in this book.
Here the book was composed of several sections. Each section contained several
chapters written by different authors. The chapters are mutually complimentary and
not exclusive but a little redundant. The redundancy was intentional and went
through a meticulous editing by myself and my young colleague radiochemists and
nuclear medicine physicians. Here follows the details.
Radionanomedicine can be classified to the one which use exogenous radionanomedicines, i.e. radiolabeled nanomedicines or nanomaterials and another
which use endogenous radionanomedicine. This is quite a convenient classification
to understand the bodily response to the administered nanomaterials while body
responds to the exogenous materials in one way and the endogenous materials in
another way. The response of bodily immune system can change biodistribution
and even cause adverse reaction to the exogenous materials but the response of
immune response to the endogenous materials might be more sophisticated.
Understanding of the resulting fate of exogenous or endogenous materials should
depend on different way of reasoning.
Among the exogenous materials, iron oxide, gold, quantum dots, silica or other
materials have been the majority since the dates of the advent of nanomedicine but
most recently, emphasizing in vivo usability, new materials came to be the focus of
attention. Graphenes and porphysomes were the examples and we detailed the
explanation. In the chapters of inorganic nanomaterials, theranostic porphysomes
and organic nanomaterials, one can meet the comprehensive review of the progress
of hope to use these radiolabeled nanomedicines for possible human and clinical
use. Radiolabeled iron oxides, radiolabeled gold, radiolabeled quantum dots, or
radiolabeled silica and others are going to make a path to clinical translation one
day and their preliminary application to small animals in vivo are to be found in this
section. The theranostic applicability of porphysome of photodynamic and beta
ray-emitting radionuclides will be understood by reading the special chapter of
porphyrin and phthalocyanine radiolabeling. One will be able to understand how
many radionuclides can be easily chelated with porphyrin which will later be the
constituent making nanoparticles for simultaneous beta-radiation and photodynamic
therapy.
In the following chapter of graphene, the great but still unexplored possibility of
using graphene oxide or radiographene was explained in great abstraction from the
recent developments and trials to use these novel materials for biomedical purposes.
Every detail will cast a concern of lack of knowledge and at the same time a hope of
1 Introduction
5