27. S.I. Ohno, M. Takanashi, K. Sudo, S. Ueda, A. Ishikawa, N. Matsuyama et al., Systemically
injected exosomes targeted to EGFR deliver antitumor microRNA to breast cancer cells. Mol.
Ther. 21(1), 185–191 (2013)
28. H.C. Christianson, K.J. Svensson, T.H. van Kuppevelt, J.P. Li, M. Belting, Cancer cell
exosomes depend on cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans for their internalization and
functional activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 110(43), 17380–17385 (2013)
29. T. Tian, Y.L. Zhu, F.H. Hu, Y.Y. Wang, N.P. Huang, Z.D. Xiao, Dynamics of exosome
internalization and trafficking. J. Cell. Physiol. 228(7), 1487–1495 (2013)
30. T. Xia, M. Kovochich, J. Brant, M. Hotze, J. Sempf, T. Oberley et al., Comparison of the
abilities of ambient and manufactured nanoparticles to induce cellular toxicity according to an
oxidative stress paradigm. Nano Lett. 6(8), 1794–1807 (2006)
31. K.B. Knudsen, H. Northeved, P.E. Kumar, A. Permin, T. Gjetting, T.L. Andresen et al., In
vivo toxicity of cationic micelles and liposomes. Nanomedicine 11(2), 467–477 (2015)
32. Y.S. Lee, Y.I. Kim, D.S. Lee, Future perspectives of radionanomedicine using the novel
micelle-encapsulation method for surface modification. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 49(3), 170–
173 (2015)
33. R. Kinders, R.E. Parchment, J. Ji, S. Kummar, A.J. Murgo, M. Gutierrez et al., Phase 0
clinical trials in cancer drug development: from FDA guidance to clinical practice. Mol.
Interv. 7(6), 325–334 (2007)
34. O.P. Wiklander, J.Z. Nordin, A. O’Loughlin, Y. Gustafsson, G. Corso, I. Mäger et al.,
Extracellular vesicle in vivo biodistribution is determined by cell source, route of
administration and targeting. J. Extracell. Vesicles 4(1), 26316 (2015)
35. M. Morishita, Y. Takahashi, M. Nishikawa, K. Sano, K. Kato, T. Yamashita et al.,
Quantitative analysis of tissue distribution of the B16BL6-derived exosomes using a
streptavidin-lactadherin fusion protein and iodine-125-labeled biotin derivative after
intravenous injection in mice. J. Pharm. Sci. 104(2), 705–713 (2015)
36. Y. Takahashi, M. Nishikawa, H. Shinotsuka, Y. Matsui, S. Ohara, T. Imai et al., Visualization
and in vivo tracking of the exosomes of murine melanoma B16-BL6 cells in mice after
intravenous injection. J. Biotechnol. 165(2), 77–84 (2013)
37. H.P. Lesch, M.U. Kaikkonen, J.T. Pikkarainen, S. Ylä-Herttuala, Avidin-biotin technology in
targeted therapy. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 7(5), 551–564 (2010)
38. D.W. Hwang, H. Choi, S.C. Jang, M.Y. Yoo, J.Y. Park, N.E. Choi et al., Noninvasive
imaging of radiolabeled exosome-mimetic nanovesicle using
99m
Tc-HMPAO. Sci. Rep. 5,
15636 (2015)
39. A.M. Peters, The utility of [
99m Tc] HMPAO-leukocytes for imaging infection. Semin. Nucl.
Med. 24(2), 110–127 (1994)
40. L. Filippi, O. Schillaci, Usefulness of hybrid SPECT/CT in
99m
Tc-HMPAO-labeled leukocyte
scintigraphy for bone and joint infections. J. Nucl. Med. 47(12), 1908–1913 (2006)
41. Z. Varga, I. Gyurkó, K. Pálóczi, E.I. Buzás, I. Horváth, N. Hegedűs et al., Radiolabeling of
extracellular vesicles with 99mTc for quantitative in vivo imaging studies. Cancer Biother.
Radiopharm. 31(5), 168–173 (2016)
42. A. Helbok, C. Decristoforo, G. Dobrozemsky, C. Rangger, E. Diederen, B. Stark et al.,
Radiolabeling of lipid-based nanoparticles for diagnostics and therapeutic applications: a
comparison using different radiometals. J. Liposome Res. 20(3), 219–227 (2010)
43. R. Schibli, A.P. Schubiger, Current use and future potential of organometallic radiopharmaceuticals. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 29(11), 1529–1542 (2002)
44. D.S. Lee, D.W. Hwang, H. Choi, Y.S. Lee, J.M. Jeong, Y.S. Gho et al., Method for labeling
exosomes with radioactive substance and use thereof. Google Patents (2017)
45. H.C. Kolb, M. Finn, K.B. Sharpless, Click chemistry: diverse chemical function from a few
good reactions. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 40(11), 2004–2021 (2001)
46. J.M. Jeong, Y.J. Kim, Y.S. Lee, D.S. Lee, J.K. Chung, M.C. Lee, Radiolabeling of NOTA
and DOTA with positron emitting
68
Ga and investigation of in vitro properties. Nucl. Med.
Mol. Imaging 43(4), 330–336 (2009)
7 Endogenous Radionanomedicine: Radiolabeling
151
injected exosomes targeted to EGFR deliver antitumor microRNA to breast cancer cells. Mol.
Ther. 21(1), 185–191 (2013)
28. H.C. Christianson, K.J. Svensson, T.H. van Kuppevelt, J.P. Li, M. Belting, Cancer cell
exosomes depend on cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans for their internalization and
functional activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 110(43), 17380–17385 (2013)
29. T. Tian, Y.L. Zhu, F.H. Hu, Y.Y. Wang, N.P. Huang, Z.D. Xiao, Dynamics of exosome
internalization and trafficking. J. Cell. Physiol. 228(7), 1487–1495 (2013)
30. T. Xia, M. Kovochich, J. Brant, M. Hotze, J. Sempf, T. Oberley et al., Comparison of the
abilities of ambient and manufactured nanoparticles to induce cellular toxicity according to an
oxidative stress paradigm. Nano Lett. 6(8), 1794–1807 (2006)
31. K.B. Knudsen, H. Northeved, P.E. Kumar, A. Permin, T. Gjetting, T.L. Andresen et al., In
vivo toxicity of cationic micelles and liposomes. Nanomedicine 11(2), 467–477 (2015)
32. Y.S. Lee, Y.I. Kim, D.S. Lee, Future perspectives of radionanomedicine using the novel
micelle-encapsulation method for surface modification. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 49(3), 170–
173 (2015)
33. R. Kinders, R.E. Parchment, J. Ji, S. Kummar, A.J. Murgo, M. Gutierrez et al., Phase 0
clinical trials in cancer drug development: from FDA guidance to clinical practice. Mol.
Interv. 7(6), 325–334 (2007)
34. O.P. Wiklander, J.Z. Nordin, A. O’Loughlin, Y. Gustafsson, G. Corso, I. Mäger et al.,
Extracellular vesicle in vivo biodistribution is determined by cell source, route of
administration and targeting. J. Extracell. Vesicles 4(1), 26316 (2015)
35. M. Morishita, Y. Takahashi, M. Nishikawa, K. Sano, K. Kato, T. Yamashita et al.,
Quantitative analysis of tissue distribution of the B16BL6-derived exosomes using a
streptavidin-lactadherin fusion protein and iodine-125-labeled biotin derivative after
intravenous injection in mice. J. Pharm. Sci. 104(2), 705–713 (2015)
36. Y. Takahashi, M. Nishikawa, H. Shinotsuka, Y. Matsui, S. Ohara, T. Imai et al., Visualization
and in vivo tracking of the exosomes of murine melanoma B16-BL6 cells in mice after
intravenous injection. J. Biotechnol. 165(2), 77–84 (2013)
37. H.P. Lesch, M.U. Kaikkonen, J.T. Pikkarainen, S. Ylä-Herttuala, Avidin-biotin technology in
targeted therapy. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 7(5), 551–564 (2010)
38. D.W. Hwang, H. Choi, S.C. Jang, M.Y. Yoo, J.Y. Park, N.E. Choi et al., Noninvasive
imaging of radiolabeled exosome-mimetic nanovesicle using
99m
Tc-HMPAO. Sci. Rep. 5,
15636 (2015)
39. A.M. Peters, The utility of [
99m Tc] HMPAO-leukocytes for imaging infection. Semin. Nucl.
Med. 24(2), 110–127 (1994)
40. L. Filippi, O. Schillaci, Usefulness of hybrid SPECT/CT in
99m
Tc-HMPAO-labeled leukocyte
scintigraphy for bone and joint infections. J. Nucl. Med. 47(12), 1908–1913 (2006)
41. Z. Varga, I. Gyurkó, K. Pálóczi, E.I. Buzás, I. Horváth, N. Hegedűs et al., Radiolabeling of
extracellular vesicles with 99mTc for quantitative in vivo imaging studies. Cancer Biother.
Radiopharm. 31(5), 168–173 (2016)
42. A. Helbok, C. Decristoforo, G. Dobrozemsky, C. Rangger, E. Diederen, B. Stark et al.,
Radiolabeling of lipid-based nanoparticles for diagnostics and therapeutic applications: a
comparison using different radiometals. J. Liposome Res. 20(3), 219–227 (2010)
43. R. Schibli, A.P. Schubiger, Current use and future potential of organometallic radiopharmaceuticals. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 29(11), 1529–1542 (2002)
44. D.S. Lee, D.W. Hwang, H. Choi, Y.S. Lee, J.M. Jeong, Y.S. Gho et al., Method for labeling
exosomes with radioactive substance and use thereof. Google Patents (2017)
45. H.C. Kolb, M. Finn, K.B. Sharpless, Click chemistry: diverse chemical function from a few
good reactions. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 40(11), 2004–2021 (2001)
46. J.M. Jeong, Y.J. Kim, Y.S. Lee, D.S. Lee, J.K. Chung, M.C. Lee, Radiolabeling of NOTA
and DOTA with positron emitting
68
Ga and investigation of in vitro properties. Nucl. Med.
Mol. Imaging 43(4), 330–336 (2009)
7 Endogenous Radionanomedicine: Radiolabeling
151