Table 7.3
Potential uses of Mn oxides for soil remediation
Reaction
Pollutants
Mn oxide
Feedback
Maturity
References
Oxidation Azo-compounds,
antibiotics, hormones, bisphenol
A or F
Mn oxide containing mine
tailings, synthetic (nano)δ-MnO
2
Very efficient for phenolic
compounds degradation but
wide variety of reaction
products with unknown environmental implications, possible parallel Cr(III) oxidation
in toxic Cr(VI)
Only tested in laboratory;
several unknown and
noncontrolled parameters
Clarke et al. (2010); Gao
et al. (2012); Han et al.
(2015); Lin et al. (2009); Lu
et al. (2011); Rubert and
Pedersen (2006); Wang et al.
(2015a, b); Xu et al. (2008);
Zhang and Huang (2005)
Oxidation As(III)
Synthetic
δ-MnO 2 , natural
Mn oxides, synthetic hybrid
Mn oxides
Quick initial As(III) oxidation
but a passivation can occur,
possible parallel Cr(III) oxidation in toxic Cr(VI)
Only tested in laboratory
but this reaction is wellknown in natural
environments
Johnson and Pilson (1975);
Lafferty et al. (2010a);
Lenoble et al. (2004); Luo
et al. (2012); Wang et al.
(2015a, b)
Sorption
Trace metals and
metalloids: As,
Cd, Cu, Pb, Sb,
Se, Zn
Natural Mn oxides, synthetic (nano)birnessite and
cryptomelane, synthetic
composite Mn oxides
Efficient for Pb, Cu, and Se,
lower sorption capacities for
As, Cd, Sb, Zn. Possible solubilization of the Mn oxides
depending on the pH
More mature for Pb and Zn
(several laboratory and
field
studies available) than for
Cu, Cd, and metalloids.
Only one study for Se
remediation (in situ study)
Bagherifam et al. (2014);
Della Puppa et al. (2013);
Ettler et al. (2015); Gupta
et al. (2011); Huot et al.
(2014); Lenoble et al.
(2004); Luo et al. (2012);
Kumpiene et al. (2008);
McCann et al. (2015);
Michalkova et al. (2014);
O’Reilly and Hochella Jr
(2003); Song et al. (2014);
Wang et al. (2012, 2015b);
Yu et al. (2015)
Reactive
sorption
Chemical warfare
agents, organophosphate
pesticides
Nanoaggregates of MnO
2 ,
synthetic Mn hydroxides
Nanoaggregates more efficient than bulk Mn hydroxides, various nontoxic
reaction products
Only tested in laboratory
(several available studies);
several unknown
parameters
Mahato et al. (2010); Prasad
et al. (2007a, b);
Ramacharyulu et al. (2013);
Šťastný et al. (2016); Stengl
et al. (2012); Verma et al.
(2016)
420
S. Grangeon et al.
Potential uses of Mn oxides for soil remediation
Reaction
Pollutants
Mn oxide
Feedback
Maturity
References
Oxidation Azo-compounds,
antibiotics, hormones, bisphenol
A or F
Mn oxide containing mine
tailings, synthetic (nano)δ-MnO
2
Very efficient for phenolic
compounds degradation but
wide variety of reaction
products with unknown environmental implications, possible parallel Cr(III) oxidation
in toxic Cr(VI)
Only tested in laboratory;
several unknown and
noncontrolled parameters
Clarke et al. (2010); Gao
et al. (2012); Han et al.
(2015); Lin et al. (2009); Lu
et al. (2011); Rubert and
Pedersen (2006); Wang et al.
(2015a, b); Xu et al. (2008);
Zhang and Huang (2005)
Oxidation As(III)
Synthetic
δ-MnO 2 , natural
Mn oxides, synthetic hybrid
Mn oxides
Quick initial As(III) oxidation
but a passivation can occur,
possible parallel Cr(III) oxidation in toxic Cr(VI)
Only tested in laboratory
but this reaction is wellknown in natural
environments
Johnson and Pilson (1975);
Lafferty et al. (2010a);
Lenoble et al. (2004); Luo
et al. (2012); Wang et al.
(2015a, b)
Sorption
Trace metals and
metalloids: As,
Cd, Cu, Pb, Sb,
Se, Zn
Natural Mn oxides, synthetic (nano)birnessite and
cryptomelane, synthetic
composite Mn oxides
Efficient for Pb, Cu, and Se,
lower sorption capacities for
As, Cd, Sb, Zn. Possible solubilization of the Mn oxides
depending on the pH
More mature for Pb and Zn
(several laboratory and
field
studies available) than for
Cu, Cd, and metalloids.
Only one study for Se
remediation (in situ study)
Bagherifam et al. (2014);
Della Puppa et al. (2013);
Ettler et al. (2015); Gupta
et al. (2011); Huot et al.
(2014); Lenoble et al.
(2004); Luo et al. (2012);
Kumpiene et al. (2008);
McCann et al. (2015);
Michalkova et al. (2014);
O’Reilly and Hochella Jr
(2003); Song et al. (2014);
Wang et al. (2012, 2015b);
Yu et al. (2015)
Reactive
sorption
Chemical warfare
agents, organophosphate
pesticides
Nanoaggregates of MnO
2 ,
synthetic Mn hydroxides
Nanoaggregates more efficient than bulk Mn hydroxides, various nontoxic
reaction products
Only tested in laboratory
(several available studies);
several unknown
parameters
Mahato et al. (2010); Prasad
et al. (2007a, b);
Ramacharyulu et al. (2013);
Šťastný et al. (2016); Stengl
et al. (2012); Verma et al.
(2016)
420
S. Grangeon et al.