Velimirovic M, Larsson P-O, Simons Q, Bastiaens L (2013b) Reactivity screening of microscale
zerovalent irons and iron sulfides towards different CAHs under standardized experimental
conditions. J Hazard Mater 252–253:204–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.02.047
Velimirovic M, Carniato L, Simons Q et al (2014) Corrosion rate estimations of microscale
zerovalent iron particles via direct hydrogen production measurements. J Hazard Mater
270:18–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.01.034
Velimirovic M, Simons Q, Bastiaens L (2015) Use of CAH-degrading bacteria as test-organisms for
evaluating the impact of fine zerovalent iron particles on the anaerobic subsurface environment.
Chemosphere 134:338–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2015.04.068
Velimirovic M, Schmid D, Wagner S et al (2016) Agar agar-stabilized milled zerovalent iron
particles for in situ groundwater remediation. Sci Total Environ 563–564:713–723. https://doi.
org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2015.11.007
Velimirovic M, Larsson P-O, Simons Q, Bastiaens L (2017) Effect of boron on reactivity and
apparent corrosion rate of microscale zerovalent irons. J Environ Chem Eng 5:1892–1898.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2017.03.029
Velimirovic M, Auffan M, Carniato L et al (2018) Effect of field site hydrogeochemical conditions
on the corrosion of milled zerovalent iron particles and their dechlorination efficiency. Sci Total
Environ 618:1619–1627. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2017.10.002
Verce MF, Ulrich RL, Freedman DL (2000) Characterization of an isolate that uses vinyl chloride as
a growth substrate under aerobic conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol 66:3535–3542
Verce MF, Ulrich RL, Freedman DL (2001) Transition from cometabolic to growth-linked biodegradation of vinyl chloride by a pseudomonas sp. isolated on ethene. Environ Sci Technol
35:4242–4251. https://doi.org/10.1021/ES002064F
Vermeul VR, Szecsody JE, Williams MD, et al (2000) In situ redox manipulation proof-of-principle
test at the fort lewis logistics center: final report. PNNL-13357 Final Report, Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory. Richland, WA
Verschueren K (1983) Handbook of environmental data on organic chemicals, 2nd edn. Van
Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY
Vogel TM, McCarty PL (1985) Biotransformation of tetrachloroethylene to trichloroethylene,
dichloroethylene, vinyl chloride, and carbon dioxide under methanogenic conditions. Appl
Environ Microbiol 49:1080–1083
Vogel TM, Criddle CS, McCarty PL (1987) Transformations of halogenated aliphatic compounds.
Environ Sci Technol 21:722–736. https://doi.org/10.1021/es00162a001
Vogel M, Nijenhuis I, Lloyd J et al (2018) Combined chemical and microbiological degradation of
tetrachloroethene during the application of carbo-iron at a contaminated field site. Sci Total
Environ 628–629:1027–1036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.310
Wagner S, Gondikas A, Neubauer E et al (2014) Spot the difference: engineered and natural
nanoparticles in the environment-release, behavior, and fate. Angew Chemie Int Ed Engl
53:12398–12419. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201405050
Wang J, Farrell J (2003) Investigating the role of atomic hydrogen on chloroethene reactions with
iron using tafel analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Environ Sci Technol
37:3891–3896. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0264605
Wang S, Mulligan CN (2004) An evaluation of surfactant foam technology in remediation of
contaminated soil. Chemosphere 57:1079–1089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.
08.019
Wang C-B, Zhang W (1997) Synthesizing nanoscale iron particles for rapid and complete dechlorination of TCE and PCBs. Environ Sci Technol 31:2154–2156. https://doi.org/10.1021/
es970039c
Wang C, Baer DR, Amonette JE et al (2009a) Morphology and electronic structure of the oxide
shell on the surface of iron nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 131:8824–8832. https://doi.org/10.
1021/ja900353f
6 In Situ Chemical Reduction of Chlorinated Organic Compounds
395
zerovalent irons and iron sulfides towards different CAHs under standardized experimental
conditions. J Hazard Mater 252–253:204–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.02.047
Velimirovic M, Carniato L, Simons Q et al (2014) Corrosion rate estimations of microscale
zerovalent iron particles via direct hydrogen production measurements. J Hazard Mater
270:18–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.01.034
Velimirovic M, Simons Q, Bastiaens L (2015) Use of CAH-degrading bacteria as test-organisms for
evaluating the impact of fine zerovalent iron particles on the anaerobic subsurface environment.
Chemosphere 134:338–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2015.04.068
Velimirovic M, Schmid D, Wagner S et al (2016) Agar agar-stabilized milled zerovalent iron
particles for in situ groundwater remediation. Sci Total Environ 563–564:713–723. https://doi.
org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2015.11.007
Velimirovic M, Larsson P-O, Simons Q, Bastiaens L (2017) Effect of boron on reactivity and
apparent corrosion rate of microscale zerovalent irons. J Environ Chem Eng 5:1892–1898.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2017.03.029
Velimirovic M, Auffan M, Carniato L et al (2018) Effect of field site hydrogeochemical conditions
on the corrosion of milled zerovalent iron particles and their dechlorination efficiency. Sci Total
Environ 618:1619–1627. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2017.10.002
Verce MF, Ulrich RL, Freedman DL (2000) Characterization of an isolate that uses vinyl chloride as
a growth substrate under aerobic conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol 66:3535–3542
Verce MF, Ulrich RL, Freedman DL (2001) Transition from cometabolic to growth-linked biodegradation of vinyl chloride by a pseudomonas sp. isolated on ethene. Environ Sci Technol
35:4242–4251. https://doi.org/10.1021/ES002064F
Vermeul VR, Szecsody JE, Williams MD, et al (2000) In situ redox manipulation proof-of-principle
test at the fort lewis logistics center: final report. PNNL-13357 Final Report, Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory. Richland, WA
Verschueren K (1983) Handbook of environmental data on organic chemicals, 2nd edn. Van
Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY
Vogel TM, McCarty PL (1985) Biotransformation of tetrachloroethylene to trichloroethylene,
dichloroethylene, vinyl chloride, and carbon dioxide under methanogenic conditions. Appl
Environ Microbiol 49:1080–1083
Vogel TM, Criddle CS, McCarty PL (1987) Transformations of halogenated aliphatic compounds.
Environ Sci Technol 21:722–736. https://doi.org/10.1021/es00162a001
Vogel M, Nijenhuis I, Lloyd J et al (2018) Combined chemical and microbiological degradation of
tetrachloroethene during the application of carbo-iron at a contaminated field site. Sci Total
Environ 628–629:1027–1036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.310
Wagner S, Gondikas A, Neubauer E et al (2014) Spot the difference: engineered and natural
nanoparticles in the environment-release, behavior, and fate. Angew Chemie Int Ed Engl
53:12398–12419. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201405050
Wang J, Farrell J (2003) Investigating the role of atomic hydrogen on chloroethene reactions with
iron using tafel analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Environ Sci Technol
37:3891–3896. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0264605
Wang S, Mulligan CN (2004) An evaluation of surfactant foam technology in remediation of
contaminated soil. Chemosphere 57:1079–1089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.
08.019
Wang C-B, Zhang W (1997) Synthesizing nanoscale iron particles for rapid and complete dechlorination of TCE and PCBs. Environ Sci Technol 31:2154–2156. https://doi.org/10.1021/
es970039c
Wang C, Baer DR, Amonette JE et al (2009a) Morphology and electronic structure of the oxide
shell on the surface of iron nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 131:8824–8832. https://doi.org/10.
1021/ja900353f
6 In Situ Chemical Reduction of Chlorinated Organic Compounds
395