Grieger KD, Fjordbøge A, Hartmann NB et al (2010) Environmental benefits and risks of zerovalent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) for in situ remediation: risk mitigation or trade-off? J Contam
Hydrol 118:165–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2010.07.011
Gu Y, Wang B, He F et al (2017) Mechanochemically sulfidated microscale zero valent iron:
pathways, kinetics, mechanism, and efficiency of trichloroethylene dechlorination. Environ Sci
Technol 51(21):12653–12662. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03604
Guan X, Sun Y, Qin H et al (2015) The limitations of applying zero-valent iron technology in
contaminants sequestration and the corresponding countermeasures: the development in zerovalent iron technology in the last two decades (1994–2014). Water Res 75:224–248. https://doi.
org/10.1016/J.WATRES.2015.02.034
Han Y, Yan W (2014) Bimetallic nickel–iron nanoparticles for groundwater decontamination:
effect of groundwater constituents on surface deactivation. Water Res 66:149–159. https://doi.
org/10.1016/J.WATRES.2014.08.001
Han Y, Yan W (2016) Reductive dechlorination of trichloroethene by zero-valent iron
nanoparticles: reactivity enhancement through sulfidation treatment. Environ Sci Technol
50:12992–13001. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03997
Han Y, Yang MDY, Zhang W, Yan W (2015) Optimizing synthesis conditions of nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) through aqueous reactivity assessment. Front Environ Sci Eng 9:813–822.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-015-0784-z
Han J, Xin J, Zheng X et al (2016a) Remediation of trichloroethylene-contaminated groundwater by
three modifier-coated microscale zero-valent iron. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23:14442–14450.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6368-z
Han L, Yang L, Wang H et al (2016b) Sustaining reactivity of Fe0 for nitrate reduction via electron
transfer between dissolved Fe2+ and surface iron oxides. J Hazard Mater 308:208–215. https://
doi.org/10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2016.01.047
Han Y, Liu C, Horita J, Yan W (2016c) Trichloroethene hydrodechlorination by Pd-Fe bimetallic
nanoparticles: solute-induced catalyst deactivation analyzed by carbon isotope fractionation.
Appl Catal B Environ 188:77–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APCATB.2016.01.047
Haneda K, Morrish AH (1977) Magnetite to maghemite transformation in ultrafine particles. Le J
Phys Colloq 38:C1-321–C1-323. https://doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1977166
Harendra S, Vipulanandan C (2008) Degradation of high concentrations of PCE solubilized in SDS
and biosurfactant with Fe/Ni Bi-metallic particles. Colloids Surfaces A Physicochem Eng Asp
322:6–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.02.009
Harendra S, Vipulanandan C (2011) Solubilization and degradation of perchloroethylene (PCE) in
cationic and nonionic surfactant solutions. J Environ Sci (China) 23:1240–1248
Hartmans S, De Bont JA (1992) Aerobic vinyl chloride metabolism in mycobacterium aurum L1.
Appl Environ Microbiol 58:1220–1226
Hawley GG (1981) Hawley’s condensed chemical dictionary, 10th edn. Van Nostrand Reinhold,
New York, NY
He F, Zhao D (2005) Preparation and characterization of a new class of starch-stabilized bimetallic
nanoparticles for degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons in water. Environ Sci Technol
39:3314–3320. https://doi.org/10.1021/es048743y
He F, Zhao D (2007) Manipulating the size and dispersibility of zerovalent iron nanoparticles by
use of carboxymethyl cellulose stabilizers. Environ Sci Technol 41:6216–6221. https://doi.org/
10.1021/es0705543
He F, Zhao D (2008) Hydrodechlorination of trichloroethene using stabilized Fe-Pd nanoparticles:
reaction mechanism and effects of stabilizers, catalysts and reaction conditions. Appl Catal B
Environ 84:533–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2008.05.008
He F, Zhao D, Liu J, Roberts CB (2007) Stabilization of FeÀPd nanoparticles with sodium
carboxymethyl cellulose for enhanced transport and dechlorination of trichloroethylene in soil
and groundwater. Ind Eng Chem Res 46:29–34. https://doi.org/10.1021/IE0610896
6 In Situ Chemical Reduction of Chlorinated Organic Compounds
379
Hydrol 118:165–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2010.07.011
Gu Y, Wang B, He F et al (2017) Mechanochemically sulfidated microscale zero valent iron:
pathways, kinetics, mechanism, and efficiency of trichloroethylene dechlorination. Environ Sci
Technol 51(21):12653–12662. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03604
Guan X, Sun Y, Qin H et al (2015) The limitations of applying zero-valent iron technology in
contaminants sequestration and the corresponding countermeasures: the development in zerovalent iron technology in the last two decades (1994–2014). Water Res 75:224–248. https://doi.
org/10.1016/J.WATRES.2015.02.034
Han Y, Yan W (2014) Bimetallic nickel–iron nanoparticles for groundwater decontamination:
effect of groundwater constituents on surface deactivation. Water Res 66:149–159. https://doi.
org/10.1016/J.WATRES.2014.08.001
Han Y, Yan W (2016) Reductive dechlorination of trichloroethene by zero-valent iron
nanoparticles: reactivity enhancement through sulfidation treatment. Environ Sci Technol
50:12992–13001. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03997
Han Y, Yang MDY, Zhang W, Yan W (2015) Optimizing synthesis conditions of nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) through aqueous reactivity assessment. Front Environ Sci Eng 9:813–822.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-015-0784-z
Han J, Xin J, Zheng X et al (2016a) Remediation of trichloroethylene-contaminated groundwater by
three modifier-coated microscale zero-valent iron. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23:14442–14450.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6368-z
Han L, Yang L, Wang H et al (2016b) Sustaining reactivity of Fe0 for nitrate reduction via electron
transfer between dissolved Fe2+ and surface iron oxides. J Hazard Mater 308:208–215. https://
doi.org/10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2016.01.047
Han Y, Liu C, Horita J, Yan W (2016c) Trichloroethene hydrodechlorination by Pd-Fe bimetallic
nanoparticles: solute-induced catalyst deactivation analyzed by carbon isotope fractionation.
Appl Catal B Environ 188:77–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APCATB.2016.01.047
Haneda K, Morrish AH (1977) Magnetite to maghemite transformation in ultrafine particles. Le J
Phys Colloq 38:C1-321–C1-323. https://doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1977166
Harendra S, Vipulanandan C (2008) Degradation of high concentrations of PCE solubilized in SDS
and biosurfactant with Fe/Ni Bi-metallic particles. Colloids Surfaces A Physicochem Eng Asp
322:6–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.02.009
Harendra S, Vipulanandan C (2011) Solubilization and degradation of perchloroethylene (PCE) in
cationic and nonionic surfactant solutions. J Environ Sci (China) 23:1240–1248
Hartmans S, De Bont JA (1992) Aerobic vinyl chloride metabolism in mycobacterium aurum L1.
Appl Environ Microbiol 58:1220–1226
Hawley GG (1981) Hawley’s condensed chemical dictionary, 10th edn. Van Nostrand Reinhold,
New York, NY
He F, Zhao D (2005) Preparation and characterization of a new class of starch-stabilized bimetallic
nanoparticles for degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons in water. Environ Sci Technol
39:3314–3320. https://doi.org/10.1021/es048743y
He F, Zhao D (2007) Manipulating the size and dispersibility of zerovalent iron nanoparticles by
use of carboxymethyl cellulose stabilizers. Environ Sci Technol 41:6216–6221. https://doi.org/
10.1021/es0705543
He F, Zhao D (2008) Hydrodechlorination of trichloroethene using stabilized Fe-Pd nanoparticles:
reaction mechanism and effects of stabilizers, catalysts and reaction conditions. Appl Catal B
Environ 84:533–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2008.05.008
He F, Zhao D, Liu J, Roberts CB (2007) Stabilization of FeÀPd nanoparticles with sodium
carboxymethyl cellulose for enhanced transport and dechlorination of trichloroethylene in soil
and groundwater. Ind Eng Chem Res 46:29–34. https://doi.org/10.1021/IE0610896
6 In Situ Chemical Reduction of Chlorinated Organic Compounds
379