Elango VK, Liggenstoffer AS, Fathepure BZ (2006) Biodegradation of vinyl chloride and
cis-dichloroethene by a ralstonia sp. strain TRW-1. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol
72:1270–1275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-006-0424-4
Elliott DW, Zhang W (2001) Field assessment of nanoscale bimetallic particles for groundwater
treatment. Environ Sci Technol 35:4922–4926. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0108584
Elsner M, Schwarzenbach RP, Haderlein SB (2004) Reactivity of Fe(II)-bearing minerals toward
reductive transformation of organic contaminants. Environ Sci Technol 38:799–807. https://doi.
org/10.1021/es0345569
European Chlorinated Solvent Association ECSA Product and Application Toolbox – Guidance on
Safe and Sustainable Use of Chlorinated Solvents
Ezzatahmadi N, Ayoko GA, Millar GJ et al (2017) Clay-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron
composite materials for the remediation of contaminated aqueous solutions: a review. Chem
Eng J 312:336–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CEJ.2016.11.154
Fajardo C, Ortíz LT, Rodríguez-Membibre ML et al (2012) Assessing the impact of zero-valent iron
(ZVI) nanotechnology on soil microbial structure and functionality: a molecular approach.
Chemosphere 86:802–808. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2011.11.041
Fajardo C, Saccà ML, Martinez-Gomariz M et al (2013) Transcriptional and proteomic stress
responses of a soil bacterium bacillus cereus to nanosized zero-valent iron (nZVI) particles.
Chemosphere 93:1077–1083. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2013.05.082
Fan D, Anitori RP, Tebo BM et al (2013) Reductive sequestration of pertechnetate (99TcO4–) by
nano zerovalent iron (nZVI) transformed by abiotic sulfide. Environ Sci Technol 47:5302–5310.
https://doi.org/10.1021/es304829z
Fan D, Chen S, Johnson RL, Tratnyek PG (2015) Field deployable chemical redox probe for
quantitative characterization of carboxymethylcellulose modified nano zerovalent iron. Environ
Sci Technol 49:10589–10597. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b02804
Fan D, O’Brien Johnson G, Tratnyek PG, Johnson RL (2016a) Sulfidation of nano zerovalent iron
(nZVI) for improved selectivity during in-situ chemical reduction (ISCR). Environ Sci Technol
50:9558–9565. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b02170
Fan D, O’Carroll DM, Elliott DW et al (2016b) Selectivity of nano zerovalent iron in in situ
chemical reduction: challenges and improvements. Remediat J 26:27–40. https://doi.org/10.
1002/rem.21481
Fan G, Wang Y, Fang G et al (2016c) Review of chemical and electrokinetic remediation of PCBs
contaminated soils and sediments. Environ Sci Process Impacts 18:1140–1156. https://doi.org/
10.1039/C6EM00320F
Fan D, Lan Y, Tratnyek PG et al (2017) Sulfidation of iron-based materials: a review of processes
and implications for water treatment and remediation. Environ Sci Technol 51:13070–13085.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b04177
Fang L, Xu C, Zhang W, Huang L-Z (2017) The important role of polyvinylpyrrolidone and Cu on
enhancing dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol by Cu/Fe nanoparticles: performance and
mechanism study. Appl Surf Sci 435:55–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.11.084
Fang Y, Wen J, Zeng G et al (2018) From nZVI to SNCs: development of a better material for
pollutant removal in water. Environ Sci Pollut Res:1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-0171143-3
Farrell J, Kason M, Melitas N, Li T (2000) Investigation of the long-term performance of zerovalent iron for reductive dechlorination of trichloroethylene. Environ Sci Technol 34:514–521.
https://doi.org/10.1021/es990716y
Fennelly JP, Roberts AL (1998) Reaction of 1,1,1-trichloroethane with zero-valent metals and
bimetallic reductants. Environ Sci Technol 32:1980–1988. https://doi.org/10.1021/es970784p
Filip J, Karlický F, Marušák Z et al (2014) Anaerobic reaction of nanoscale zerovalent iron with
water: mechanism and kinetics. J Phys Chem C 118:13817–13825. https://doi.org/10.1021/
jp501846f
6 In Situ Chemical Reduction of Chlorinated Organic Compounds
377
cis-dichloroethene by a ralstonia sp. strain TRW-1. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol
72:1270–1275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-006-0424-4
Elliott DW, Zhang W (2001) Field assessment of nanoscale bimetallic particles for groundwater
treatment. Environ Sci Technol 35:4922–4926. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0108584
Elsner M, Schwarzenbach RP, Haderlein SB (2004) Reactivity of Fe(II)-bearing minerals toward
reductive transformation of organic contaminants. Environ Sci Technol 38:799–807. https://doi.
org/10.1021/es0345569
European Chlorinated Solvent Association ECSA Product and Application Toolbox – Guidance on
Safe and Sustainable Use of Chlorinated Solvents
Ezzatahmadi N, Ayoko GA, Millar GJ et al (2017) Clay-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron
composite materials for the remediation of contaminated aqueous solutions: a review. Chem
Eng J 312:336–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CEJ.2016.11.154
Fajardo C, Ortíz LT, Rodríguez-Membibre ML et al (2012) Assessing the impact of zero-valent iron
(ZVI) nanotechnology on soil microbial structure and functionality: a molecular approach.
Chemosphere 86:802–808. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2011.11.041
Fajardo C, Saccà ML, Martinez-Gomariz M et al (2013) Transcriptional and proteomic stress
responses of a soil bacterium bacillus cereus to nanosized zero-valent iron (nZVI) particles.
Chemosphere 93:1077–1083. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2013.05.082
Fan D, Anitori RP, Tebo BM et al (2013) Reductive sequestration of pertechnetate (99TcO4–) by
nano zerovalent iron (nZVI) transformed by abiotic sulfide. Environ Sci Technol 47:5302–5310.
https://doi.org/10.1021/es304829z
Fan D, Chen S, Johnson RL, Tratnyek PG (2015) Field deployable chemical redox probe for
quantitative characterization of carboxymethylcellulose modified nano zerovalent iron. Environ
Sci Technol 49:10589–10597. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b02804
Fan D, O’Brien Johnson G, Tratnyek PG, Johnson RL (2016a) Sulfidation of nano zerovalent iron
(nZVI) for improved selectivity during in-situ chemical reduction (ISCR). Environ Sci Technol
50:9558–9565. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b02170
Fan D, O’Carroll DM, Elliott DW et al (2016b) Selectivity of nano zerovalent iron in in situ
chemical reduction: challenges and improvements. Remediat J 26:27–40. https://doi.org/10.
1002/rem.21481
Fan G, Wang Y, Fang G et al (2016c) Review of chemical and electrokinetic remediation of PCBs
contaminated soils and sediments. Environ Sci Process Impacts 18:1140–1156. https://doi.org/
10.1039/C6EM00320F
Fan D, Lan Y, Tratnyek PG et al (2017) Sulfidation of iron-based materials: a review of processes
and implications for water treatment and remediation. Environ Sci Technol 51:13070–13085.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b04177
Fang L, Xu C, Zhang W, Huang L-Z (2017) The important role of polyvinylpyrrolidone and Cu on
enhancing dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol by Cu/Fe nanoparticles: performance and
mechanism study. Appl Surf Sci 435:55–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.11.084
Fang Y, Wen J, Zeng G et al (2018) From nZVI to SNCs: development of a better material for
pollutant removal in water. Environ Sci Pollut Res:1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-0171143-3
Farrell J, Kason M, Melitas N, Li T (2000) Investigation of the long-term performance of zerovalent iron for reductive dechlorination of trichloroethylene. Environ Sci Technol 34:514–521.
https://doi.org/10.1021/es990716y
Fennelly JP, Roberts AL (1998) Reaction of 1,1,1-trichloroethane with zero-valent metals and
bimetallic reductants. Environ Sci Technol 32:1980–1988. https://doi.org/10.1021/es970784p
Filip J, Karlický F, Marušák Z et al (2014) Anaerobic reaction of nanoscale zerovalent iron with
water: mechanism and kinetics. J Phys Chem C 118:13817–13825. https://doi.org/10.1021/
jp501846f
6 In Situ Chemical Reduction of Chlorinated Organic Compounds
377