Turin J (1990) VLEACH: a one-dimensional finite difference vadose zone leaching model, Number
USEPA Region 9, CH2M Hill. US Environmental Protection Agency, Redding, CA. 291 p
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (1999) Multi-phase extraction. Technical report EM 1110-1-4010.
Department of the Army, Washington, DC, 286 p
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (2003) Safety and health aspects of HTRW remediation technologies. Technical report EM 1110-1-4007, Department of the Army, Washington, DC, 286 p
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (2014) Environmental quality – design: in situ thermal remediation.
Technical report EM 200-1-21. Department of the Army, Washington, DC, 243 p
Unger A, Sudicky E, Forsyth P (1995) Mechanisms controlling vacuum extraction coupled with air
sparging for remediation of heterogeneous formations contaminated by dense nonaqueous phase
liquid. Water Resour Res 31(8):1913–1925
USEPA (1996) How to effectively recover free product at leaking underground storage tank sites –
a guide for state regulators. Technical report EPA 510-R-96-001. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC, 162 p
USEPA (1997a) Analysis of selected enhancements for soil vapor extraction. Technical report EPA
542-R-97-007. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC, 246 p
USEPA (1997b) Presumptive remedy: supplemental bulletin multiphase extraction (MPE) technology for VOCs in soil and groundwater. Technical report EPA 540-F-97-004.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington,
DC, 11 p
USEPA (1999) Multi-phase extraction: state-of-the-practice. Technical report EPA 542-R-99-004.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Service Center for Environmental Publications, Cincinnati, OH, 71 p
USEPA (2003) The DNAPL remediation challenge: is there a case for source depletion? Technical
Report EPA/600/R-03/143. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management
Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH, 129 p
van Genuchten M (1980) A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of
unsaturated soils. Soil Sci Soc Am 44:892–898
Villaume J (1985) Investigations at sites contaminated with dense, non-aqueous phase liquids
(NAPLs). Ground Water Monit Rev 5(2):60–74
Villaume J, Lowe P, Unites D (1983) Recovery of coal gasification wastes: an innovative approach.
In: N. W. W. Association (ed) Third national symposium on aquifer restoration and ground
water monitoring, Worthington, OH, pp 434–445
Vishnyakov A, Lee M, Neimark A (2013) Prediction of the critical micelle concentration of
nonionic surfactants by dissipative particle dynamics simulations. J Phys Chem Lett 4
(5):797–802
Voss C (1984) Saturated-unsaturated transport (SUTRA). In: Water research investigation.
U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO, Number 84.4369
Whitaker S (1999) The method of volume averaging, Theory and applications of transport in porous
media, vol 13, 1st edn. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. 210 p
White M, Oostrom M (1996) STOMP subsurface transport over multiple phases: user’s guide.
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA. Number PNNL-11216 (UC-2010);
221 p
Willhite G (1986) Waterflooding. The Society of Petroleum Engineers, Richardson, TX. Number
978-1-55563-005-8; 326 p
Williams D, Wilder D (1971) Gasoline pollution of a ground-water reservoir – a case history.
Groundwater 9:50–54
Williamson D (2014) Chapter 15: Combined remedies. In: Kueper BH, Stroo HF, Vogel CM, Ward
CH (eds) Chlorinated solvent source zone remediation. Springer, SERDP ESTCP Environmental Remediation Technology, New York, NY. Number 978-1-4614-6921-6; 713 p
Wilson J, Conrad S, Mason W, Peplinski W, Hagan E (1990) Laboratory investigation of residual
liquid organics from spills, leaks, and the disposal of hazardous wastes in groundwater. US
Environmental Protection Agency, Ada, OK. Number 600/6-90/004; 287 pp
2 Free Product Recovery of Non-aqueous Phase Liquids in Contaminated Sites:. . .
147
USEPA Region 9, CH2M Hill. US Environmental Protection Agency, Redding, CA. 291 p
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (1999) Multi-phase extraction. Technical report EM 1110-1-4010.
Department of the Army, Washington, DC, 286 p
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (2003) Safety and health aspects of HTRW remediation technologies. Technical report EM 1110-1-4007, Department of the Army, Washington, DC, 286 p
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (2014) Environmental quality – design: in situ thermal remediation.
Technical report EM 200-1-21. Department of the Army, Washington, DC, 243 p
Unger A, Sudicky E, Forsyth P (1995) Mechanisms controlling vacuum extraction coupled with air
sparging for remediation of heterogeneous formations contaminated by dense nonaqueous phase
liquid. Water Resour Res 31(8):1913–1925
USEPA (1996) How to effectively recover free product at leaking underground storage tank sites –
a guide for state regulators. Technical report EPA 510-R-96-001. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC, 162 p
USEPA (1997a) Analysis of selected enhancements for soil vapor extraction. Technical report EPA
542-R-97-007. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC, 246 p
USEPA (1997b) Presumptive remedy: supplemental bulletin multiphase extraction (MPE) technology for VOCs in soil and groundwater. Technical report EPA 540-F-97-004.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington,
DC, 11 p
USEPA (1999) Multi-phase extraction: state-of-the-practice. Technical report EPA 542-R-99-004.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Service Center for Environmental Publications, Cincinnati, OH, 71 p
USEPA (2003) The DNAPL remediation challenge: is there a case for source depletion? Technical
Report EPA/600/R-03/143. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management
Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH, 129 p
van Genuchten M (1980) A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of
unsaturated soils. Soil Sci Soc Am 44:892–898
Villaume J (1985) Investigations at sites contaminated with dense, non-aqueous phase liquids
(NAPLs). Ground Water Monit Rev 5(2):60–74
Villaume J, Lowe P, Unites D (1983) Recovery of coal gasification wastes: an innovative approach.
In: N. W. W. Association (ed) Third national symposium on aquifer restoration and ground
water monitoring, Worthington, OH, pp 434–445
Vishnyakov A, Lee M, Neimark A (2013) Prediction of the critical micelle concentration of
nonionic surfactants by dissipative particle dynamics simulations. J Phys Chem Lett 4
(5):797–802
Voss C (1984) Saturated-unsaturated transport (SUTRA). In: Water research investigation.
U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO, Number 84.4369
Whitaker S (1999) The method of volume averaging, Theory and applications of transport in porous
media, vol 13, 1st edn. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. 210 p
White M, Oostrom M (1996) STOMP subsurface transport over multiple phases: user’s guide.
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA. Number PNNL-11216 (UC-2010);
221 p
Willhite G (1986) Waterflooding. The Society of Petroleum Engineers, Richardson, TX. Number
978-1-55563-005-8; 326 p
Williams D, Wilder D (1971) Gasoline pollution of a ground-water reservoir – a case history.
Groundwater 9:50–54
Williamson D (2014) Chapter 15: Combined remedies. In: Kueper BH, Stroo HF, Vogel CM, Ward
CH (eds) Chlorinated solvent source zone remediation. Springer, SERDP ESTCP Environmental Remediation Technology, New York, NY. Number 978-1-4614-6921-6; 713 p
Wilson J, Conrad S, Mason W, Peplinski W, Hagan E (1990) Laboratory investigation of residual
liquid organics from spills, leaks, and the disposal of hazardous wastes in groundwater. US
Environmental Protection Agency, Ada, OK. Number 600/6-90/004; 287 pp
2 Free Product Recovery of Non-aqueous Phase Liquids in Contaminated Sites:. . .
147