Second-Generation Bioethanol:
Advancement of Ethanologenic
Microorganisms Toward Industrial
Production
Husnul Azan Tajarudin, Muhammad Syazwan Azmi,
Muaz Mohd Zaini Makhtar, Mohd Firdaus Othman
and Mardiana Idayu Ahmad
Abstract Bioethanol, as a clean and renewable fuel with its major environmental
benefits, represents a promising biofuel today which has the potential to provide
a sustainable replacement for traditional oil-based fuels. In order to minimize the
competition between fuels and food production, researchers are focusing their efforts
on the utilization of wastes and by-products as raw materials for the production
of ethanol. Food waste and lignocellulosic biomass are being produced in great
quantities in any campus cafeteria and their handling can be a challenge. They contain
significant amounts of sugars (both soluble and insoluble) and they can be used as
raw material for the production of ethanol. The review highlighted a specific part in
the production chain of refining lignocellulosic biomass, production of sugar from
lignocellulosic biomass during enzymatic hydrolysis and the fermentation of the
produced sugars to bioethanol. The study also covered a metabolism of ethanologenic
microorganism focusing on glucose and xylose catabolism.
Keywords Bioethanol · Fermentation · Bioreactor
1 Introduction
In order to promote sustainable living on campus, there is a need to improve the
resource conservation. The food waste from campus events and lignocellulosic
biomass abundantly in campus have high potential to be recovered their energy
H. A. Tajarudin (B) · M. S. Azmi · M. M. Z. Makhtar · M. F. Othman · M. I. Ahmad
Division of Bioprocess Technology, School of Industrial Technology,
Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
e-mail: azan@usm.my
H. A. Tajarudin
Cluster of Solid Waste Management, Engineering Campus,
Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
M. F. Othman · M. I. Ahmad
Division of Environment Technology, School of Industrial Technology,
Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
A. Z. Yaser (ed.), Green Engineering for Campus Sustainability,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7260-5_6
61
Advancement of Ethanologenic
Microorganisms Toward Industrial
Production
Husnul Azan Tajarudin, Muhammad Syazwan Azmi,
Muaz Mohd Zaini Makhtar, Mohd Firdaus Othman
and Mardiana Idayu Ahmad
Abstract Bioethanol, as a clean and renewable fuel with its major environmental
benefits, represents a promising biofuel today which has the potential to provide
a sustainable replacement for traditional oil-based fuels. In order to minimize the
competition between fuels and food production, researchers are focusing their efforts
on the utilization of wastes and by-products as raw materials for the production
of ethanol. Food waste and lignocellulosic biomass are being produced in great
quantities in any campus cafeteria and their handling can be a challenge. They contain
significant amounts of sugars (both soluble and insoluble) and they can be used as
raw material for the production of ethanol. The review highlighted a specific part in
the production chain of refining lignocellulosic biomass, production of sugar from
lignocellulosic biomass during enzymatic hydrolysis and the fermentation of the
produced sugars to bioethanol. The study also covered a metabolism of ethanologenic
microorganism focusing on glucose and xylose catabolism.
Keywords Bioethanol · Fermentation · Bioreactor
1 Introduction
In order to promote sustainable living on campus, there is a need to improve the
resource conservation. The food waste from campus events and lignocellulosic
biomass abundantly in campus have high potential to be recovered their energy
H. A. Tajarudin (B) · M. S. Azmi · M. M. Z. Makhtar · M. F. Othman · M. I. Ahmad
Division of Bioprocess Technology, School of Industrial Technology,
Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
e-mail: azan@usm.my
H. A. Tajarudin
Cluster of Solid Waste Management, Engineering Campus,
Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
M. F. Othman · M. I. Ahmad
Division of Environment Technology, School of Industrial Technology,
Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
A. Z. Yaser (ed.), Green Engineering for Campus Sustainability,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7260-5_6
61