46
A. K. Mirasa and C.-S. Chong
Table 3 The required cement based on mix design concrete G35
Quantities of
concrete
Cement (kg)
Water (kg or
litres)
Fine aggregate
(kg)
Coarse aggregate
−20 mm (kg)
per m 3 (to
nearest 5 kg)
410
210
585
1190
per trial mix of
(3.308 m 3 )
1356.28
694.68
1935.18
3936.52
5.2 The Construction Method of Interlocking Brick System
For demonstrating evidently about the achievability of the interlocking brick construction system in supporting the building, Fig. 7 is presented. As clearly shown
from the figure, only the interlocking bricks are constructed to support the roofing
system of the building.
This constructed one-storey building is termed as green building due to the fact
that it not only reduces about 1356.28 kg consumption of cement, but also eliminates
the requirement of formwork usage, which is fabricated with timber and necessary
for casting the reinforced concrete beam and column. As stated previously, the production process of 1000 kg cement consumes about 4 GI energy and emits around
1 ton CO 2 and other greenhouse gases (Mehta 2001, 2002), this green building has
saved about 5.425 GI energy and reduce around 1.35 ton CO 2 and other greenhouse
gases emission.
According to Bahaudin et al. (2014), there is a lack of standard criteria for rating
or assessing the green buildings. Most of the countries have their rating system
for green building. In Malaysia, more than one rating tool has been established by
various organisations, which include of those developed by the Malaysian Institute of
Architects (PAM), Malaysian Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) and
Malaysian Public Works Department (JKR). Green Building Index (GBI) is a rating
tool of green building that has been developed by Malaysian Institute of Architects
(PAM) in 2008, which has stated that a green building focusses on increasing the
efficiency of resource use (energy, water and materials) while reducing building
impact on human health and the environment during the building’s life cycle, through
better sitting, design, construction, operation, maintenance and removal. In short, the
green building shall be designed, constructed and operated for decreasing the negative
impact to the environment.
World Green Building Council (WGBC), as an alliance between 80 national Green
Building Councils worldwide, is the largest international organisations that have led
the green building market places. WGBC emphasizes that any building can be a green
building provided it include the features regarding the efficient use of resources,
reduction of the pollution, consideration of the environment in design, construction
and operation, etc. This alliance has also addressed two essential global issues, which
are the climate change and CO 2 emissions (Bahaudin et al. 2014).
A. K. Mirasa and C.-S. Chong
Table 3 The required cement based on mix design concrete G35
Quantities of
concrete
Cement (kg)
Water (kg or
litres)
Fine aggregate
(kg)
Coarse aggregate
−20 mm (kg)
per m 3 (to
nearest 5 kg)
410
210
585
1190
per trial mix of
(3.308 m 3 )
1356.28
694.68
1935.18
3936.52
5.2 The Construction Method of Interlocking Brick System
For demonstrating evidently about the achievability of the interlocking brick construction system in supporting the building, Fig. 7 is presented. As clearly shown
from the figure, only the interlocking bricks are constructed to support the roofing
system of the building.
This constructed one-storey building is termed as green building due to the fact
that it not only reduces about 1356.28 kg consumption of cement, but also eliminates
the requirement of formwork usage, which is fabricated with timber and necessary
for casting the reinforced concrete beam and column. As stated previously, the production process of 1000 kg cement consumes about 4 GI energy and emits around
1 ton CO 2 and other greenhouse gases (Mehta 2001, 2002), this green building has
saved about 5.425 GI energy and reduce around 1.35 ton CO 2 and other greenhouse
gases emission.
According to Bahaudin et al. (2014), there is a lack of standard criteria for rating
or assessing the green buildings. Most of the countries have their rating system
for green building. In Malaysia, more than one rating tool has been established by
various organisations, which include of those developed by the Malaysian Institute of
Architects (PAM), Malaysian Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) and
Malaysian Public Works Department (JKR). Green Building Index (GBI) is a rating
tool of green building that has been developed by Malaysian Institute of Architects
(PAM) in 2008, which has stated that a green building focusses on increasing the
efficiency of resource use (energy, water and materials) while reducing building
impact on human health and the environment during the building’s life cycle, through
better sitting, design, construction, operation, maintenance and removal. In short, the
green building shall be designed, constructed and operated for decreasing the negative
impact to the environment.
World Green Building Council (WGBC), as an alliance between 80 national Green
Building Councils worldwide, is the largest international organisations that have led
the green building market places. WGBC emphasizes that any building can be a green
building provided it include the features regarding the efficient use of resources,
reduction of the pollution, consideration of the environment in design, construction
and operation, etc. This alliance has also addressed two essential global issues, which
are the climate change and CO 2 emissions (Bahaudin et al. 2014).