246
S. Gong et al.
As is reported by Veldkamp et al. (2017), almost all countries in a belt around 10–40
degrees north are affected by water scarcity. Be faced with this phenomenon, the
reuse of treated wastewater and promoting the rational allocation have represented
an effective choice in sustainable use of water resources. At present, one of the
measures frequently taken by countries with high water resource utilization rate
is to deeply treat the urban domestic sewage and industrial wastewater to reach the
standard of water reclamation (Cheng et al. 2018; Fu et al. 2012). The reclaimed water
has the widespread use such as agricultural land irrigation, aquaculture, landscape
irrigation, urban and industrial applications, artificial recharging of groundwater, and
even providing potable water (Cheng et al. 2018; Purnell et al. 2016).
During the sewage treatment process, the main chemical pollutants can be effectively removed, while the pathogenic microorganisms can be partially removed in
the conventional treatment, and the remained pathogens pose potential health risks.
Therefore, an advanced disinfection process is needed for the production of recycled
water (Agulló-Barceló et al. 2013). At present, the main methods of sewage disinfection include chemical method [e.g., liquid chlorine (Huang et al. 1997), chlorine
dioxide (Aieta and Berg 1986), and ozone (Xu et al. 2002)], physical method [e.g.,
ultraviolet radiation (Hijnen et al. 2006)] and their combination [e.g., UV/O 3 (Wu
et al. 2011)].
For UV disinfection, low-pressure mercury lamps are typically used with a main
spectral line of 254 nm, which is in good agreement with the absorption maximum peak of amino acids in microorganisms (Giese and Darby 2000). During UV
disinfection, the irreversible damages in the cell membrane and cellular adenosine
triphosphate can be observed (Xu et al. 2018). In contrast to normal lamps fired
by electrodes, the UV lamps can work without contacted electrodes and be stimulated by microwave. Bergmann and the colleagues (2002) first demonstrated the
applicability of electrodeless UV lamps for water disinfection. The advantages of
electrodeless UV lamps are longer lifetime, less inner deposits and good radiation
energy dispersion as a result of their positive irradiation geometry. In addition, during
the microwave-stimulated UV process, a certain amount of ozone can be produced
by UV irradiating oxygen gas in the air to form the MV/UV/O 3 system (Shi et al.
2011), which can greatly enhance the disinfection efficiency through the synergistic
effects. Yet, the application of MV/UV/O 3 system in advanced sewage treatment for
water reclamation has been kept unexplored.
There is a large population density in university campus and the wastewater in the
dormitory is concentrated. The water quality can be classified as domestic sewage,
which is stable and convenient for collection and centralized treatment. In this paper,
we have studied the feasibility of MV/UV/O 3 system for the advanced treatment of
campus sewage and evaluated its performance on disinfection, decolorization, and
deodorization. The effects of technical parameters including microwave power and
UV light intensity were investigated. The results of the present study provided some
practicable solutions for water reclamation, which is one of the important aspects
for sustainable management of green campus.
S. Gong et al.
As is reported by Veldkamp et al. (2017), almost all countries in a belt around 10–40
degrees north are affected by water scarcity. Be faced with this phenomenon, the
reuse of treated wastewater and promoting the rational allocation have represented
an effective choice in sustainable use of water resources. At present, one of the
measures frequently taken by countries with high water resource utilization rate
is to deeply treat the urban domestic sewage and industrial wastewater to reach the
standard of water reclamation (Cheng et al. 2018; Fu et al. 2012). The reclaimed water
has the widespread use such as agricultural land irrigation, aquaculture, landscape
irrigation, urban and industrial applications, artificial recharging of groundwater, and
even providing potable water (Cheng et al. 2018; Purnell et al. 2016).
During the sewage treatment process, the main chemical pollutants can be effectively removed, while the pathogenic microorganisms can be partially removed in
the conventional treatment, and the remained pathogens pose potential health risks.
Therefore, an advanced disinfection process is needed for the production of recycled
water (Agulló-Barceló et al. 2013). At present, the main methods of sewage disinfection include chemical method [e.g., liquid chlorine (Huang et al. 1997), chlorine
dioxide (Aieta and Berg 1986), and ozone (Xu et al. 2002)], physical method [e.g.,
ultraviolet radiation (Hijnen et al. 2006)] and their combination [e.g., UV/O 3 (Wu
et al. 2011)].
For UV disinfection, low-pressure mercury lamps are typically used with a main
spectral line of 254 nm, which is in good agreement with the absorption maximum peak of amino acids in microorganisms (Giese and Darby 2000). During UV
disinfection, the irreversible damages in the cell membrane and cellular adenosine
triphosphate can be observed (Xu et al. 2018). In contrast to normal lamps fired
by electrodes, the UV lamps can work without contacted electrodes and be stimulated by microwave. Bergmann and the colleagues (2002) first demonstrated the
applicability of electrodeless UV lamps for water disinfection. The advantages of
electrodeless UV lamps are longer lifetime, less inner deposits and good radiation
energy dispersion as a result of their positive irradiation geometry. In addition, during
the microwave-stimulated UV process, a certain amount of ozone can be produced
by UV irradiating oxygen gas in the air to form the MV/UV/O 3 system (Shi et al.
2011), which can greatly enhance the disinfection efficiency through the synergistic
effects. Yet, the application of MV/UV/O 3 system in advanced sewage treatment for
water reclamation has been kept unexplored.
There is a large population density in university campus and the wastewater in the
dormitory is concentrated. The water quality can be classified as domestic sewage,
which is stable and convenient for collection and centralized treatment. In this paper,
we have studied the feasibility of MV/UV/O 3 system for the advanced treatment of
campus sewage and evaluated its performance on disinfection, decolorization, and
deodorization. The effects of technical parameters including microwave power and
UV light intensity were investigated. The results of the present study provided some
practicable solutions for water reclamation, which is one of the important aspects
for sustainable management of green campus.