social environment. Nevertheless, the numerous high-tech devices applied in highly
digitalized Smart Cities may ultimately consume more energy and materials than
they actually save – in addition to creating huge heaps of electronic waste and healththreatening electro-smog. Finally, it depends on various factors including a wise use
of digital technology, an appropriate but payable Smart City infrastructure, as well
as efficient and economic traffic connections between Smart Cities and rural areas in
how far Smart Cities are generally capable of supporting at least some of the SDGs.
Elbrega, Libya
Abdelnaser Omran
viii
Preface