619
Others in the event, from the evolutionary perspective, defies any known rules of
biology. H. sapiens are one of 701 formally described primate species, a mammal allegedly devoted to love and nurturance, out of some 5500+ other remaining mammalian species on the planet.
30
Between the certainty and uncertainty
gov/6873777/; See also, Biology Letters, “Evolution in caves: selection from darkness causes spinal deformities in teleost fishes,” Julián Torres-Dowdall, Nidal Karagic, Martin Plath, and Rüdiger
Riesch, Published:06 June 2018, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0197, The Royal Society
Publishing, https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0197; See also, “Gene
Behind Rare Birth Abnormality Is a Window on Evolution,” by Jeffrey Norris, July 30, 2014,
University of California-San Francisco, https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2014/07/116451/genebehind-rare-birth-abnormality-window-evolution, Accessed June 20, 2020. See also, “Inbreeding
shaped the course of human evolution,” by Michael Marshall, New Scientist, November 27, 2013,
https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22029453-500-inbreeding-shaped-the-course-of-humanevolution/; and, “What causes deformities in frogs, toads, and other amphibians?” USGS, https://
www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-causes-deformities-frogs-toads-and-other-amphibians?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products, Accessed June 20, 2020.
30 See Introduction by Russell A. Mittermeier, in Handbook of the Mammals of the World, Volume
3, Primates, Chief editors, Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson, Lynx
Editions, Barcelona, Spain, 2013.
Fig. 65.3 Animal Cruelty
at an Open Market in Saudi
Arabia. (Photo ©
M.C. Tobias)
65.5 A Deformative Fixity
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