Jardine B (2009) Between the beagle and the barnacle: Darwin’s microscopy, 1837-1854. Stud Hist
Phil Sci 40:382–395
Klenk H-P, Palm P, Zillig W (1993) DNA-dependent RNA polymerases as phylogenetic marker
molecules. Syst Appl Microbiol 16:638–647
Kligler IJ (1917) The evolution and relationship of the great groups of bacteria. J Bacteriol
2:165–176
Kligler IJ (1918) Evolution of bacteria. Science 47:589–590
Kluyver AJ, van Niel CB (1936) Prospects for a natural system of classification of bacteria.
Zentralblatt für Bakt etc. II Abt Bd 94:369-403
Kutschera U (2016) Haeckel’s 1866 tree of life and the origin of eukaryotes. Nature Microbiol 1, 1
Lake JA, Henderson E, Oakes M, Clark MW (1984) Eocytes: a new ribosome structure indicates a
kingdom with a close relationship to eukaryotes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81:3786–3790
Lake JA, Servin JA, Herbold CW, Skophammer RG (2008) Evidence for a new root of the tree of
life. Syst Biol 57:835–843
Lake JA, Sinsheimer JS (2013) The deep roots of the rings of life. Genome Biol Evol 5:2440–2448
Lamrabet O, Plumbridge J, Martin M, Lenski RE, Schneider D, Hindré T (2019) Plasticity of
promoter-core sequences allows bacteria to compensate for the loss of a key global regulatory
gene. Mol Biol Evol 36:1121–1133
Lenski RE (2011) Evolution in action: a 50,000-generation salute to Charles Darwin. Microbe
6:30–33
Lenski RE (2017) What is adaptation by natural selection? Perspectives of an experimental
microbiologist. PLoS Genet 13:e1006668
Lenski RE, Travisano M (1994) Dynamics of adaptation and diversification: a 10,000-generation
experiment with bacterial populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91:6808–6814
Lewis IM (1934) Bacterial variation with special reference to behavior of some mutabile strains of
colon bacteria in synthetic media. J Bacteriol 28:619–639
Litchfield HE (1915) Emma Darwin, a century of family letters, 1792-1896. London, John Murray,
volume 2, p. 223
Liu S, Suflita JM (1993) Ecology and evolution of microbial populations for bioremediation. Trends
Biotechnol 11:344–352
Maddamsetti R, Lenski RE (2018) Analysis of bacterial genomes from an evolution experiment
with horizontal gene transfer shows that recombination can sometimes overwhelm selection.
PLoS Genet 14:e1007199. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007199
Maddison DR, Schulz K-S, Maddison WP (2007) The tree of life web project. Zootaxa 1668:19–40
Magrum LJ, Luehrsen KR, Woese CR (1978) Are extreme halophiles actually “bacteria”? J Mol
Evol 11:1–8
Maharjan RP, Ferenci T (2017) A shifting mutational landscape in 6 nutritional states: stressinduced mutagenesis as a series of distinct stress input-mutation output relationships. PLoS Biol
15:e2001477
Margoliash E (1963) Primary structure and evolution of cytochrome c. Proc Natl Acad Sci
50:672–679
Matta C (2007) The science of small things: the botanical context of German bacteriology, 18301910. PhD Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison
McLaughlin PJ, Dayhoff MO (1970) Eukaryotes versus prokaryotes: an estimate of evolutionary
distance. Science 168:1469–1471
Nasir A, Kim KM, Da Cunha V, Caetano-Anollés G (2015) Arguments reinforcing the threedomain view of diversified cellular life. Archaea 2016 Dec 5;2016:1851865. https://doi.org/10.
1155/2016/1851865
Novick A, Szilard L (1950) Experiments with the chemostat on spontaneous mutations of bacteria.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 36:708–719
Nunnikhoven R (1958) Amino acid composition and some other properties of yeast cytochrome c in
comparison with horse-heart cytochrome c. Biochim Biophys Acta 28:108–119
54
K. M. Noll
Phil Sci 40:382–395
Klenk H-P, Palm P, Zillig W (1993) DNA-dependent RNA polymerases as phylogenetic marker
molecules. Syst Appl Microbiol 16:638–647
Kligler IJ (1917) The evolution and relationship of the great groups of bacteria. J Bacteriol
2:165–176
Kligler IJ (1918) Evolution of bacteria. Science 47:589–590
Kluyver AJ, van Niel CB (1936) Prospects for a natural system of classification of bacteria.
Zentralblatt für Bakt etc. II Abt Bd 94:369-403
Kutschera U (2016) Haeckel’s 1866 tree of life and the origin of eukaryotes. Nature Microbiol 1, 1
Lake JA, Henderson E, Oakes M, Clark MW (1984) Eocytes: a new ribosome structure indicates a
kingdom with a close relationship to eukaryotes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81:3786–3790
Lake JA, Servin JA, Herbold CW, Skophammer RG (2008) Evidence for a new root of the tree of
life. Syst Biol 57:835–843
Lake JA, Sinsheimer JS (2013) The deep roots of the rings of life. Genome Biol Evol 5:2440–2448
Lamrabet O, Plumbridge J, Martin M, Lenski RE, Schneider D, Hindré T (2019) Plasticity of
promoter-core sequences allows bacteria to compensate for the loss of a key global regulatory
gene. Mol Biol Evol 36:1121–1133
Lenski RE (2011) Evolution in action: a 50,000-generation salute to Charles Darwin. Microbe
6:30–33
Lenski RE (2017) What is adaptation by natural selection? Perspectives of an experimental
microbiologist. PLoS Genet 13:e1006668
Lenski RE, Travisano M (1994) Dynamics of adaptation and diversification: a 10,000-generation
experiment with bacterial populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91:6808–6814
Lewis IM (1934) Bacterial variation with special reference to behavior of some mutabile strains of
colon bacteria in synthetic media. J Bacteriol 28:619–639
Litchfield HE (1915) Emma Darwin, a century of family letters, 1792-1896. London, John Murray,
volume 2, p. 223
Liu S, Suflita JM (1993) Ecology and evolution of microbial populations for bioremediation. Trends
Biotechnol 11:344–352
Maddamsetti R, Lenski RE (2018) Analysis of bacterial genomes from an evolution experiment
with horizontal gene transfer shows that recombination can sometimes overwhelm selection.
PLoS Genet 14:e1007199. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007199
Maddison DR, Schulz K-S, Maddison WP (2007) The tree of life web project. Zootaxa 1668:19–40
Magrum LJ, Luehrsen KR, Woese CR (1978) Are extreme halophiles actually “bacteria”? J Mol
Evol 11:1–8
Maharjan RP, Ferenci T (2017) A shifting mutational landscape in 6 nutritional states: stressinduced mutagenesis as a series of distinct stress input-mutation output relationships. PLoS Biol
15:e2001477
Margoliash E (1963) Primary structure and evolution of cytochrome c. Proc Natl Acad Sci
50:672–679
Matta C (2007) The science of small things: the botanical context of German bacteriology, 18301910. PhD Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison
McLaughlin PJ, Dayhoff MO (1970) Eukaryotes versus prokaryotes: an estimate of evolutionary
distance. Science 168:1469–1471
Nasir A, Kim KM, Da Cunha V, Caetano-Anollés G (2015) Arguments reinforcing the threedomain view of diversified cellular life. Archaea 2016 Dec 5;2016:1851865. https://doi.org/10.
1155/2016/1851865
Novick A, Szilard L (1950) Experiments with the chemostat on spontaneous mutations of bacteria.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 36:708–719
Nunnikhoven R (1958) Amino acid composition and some other properties of yeast cytochrome c in
comparison with horse-heart cytochrome c. Biochim Biophys Acta 28:108–119
54
K. M. Noll