Raina JB, Tapiolas D, Motti CA, Foret S, Seemann T, Tebben J, Willis BL, Bourne DG (2016)
Isolation of an antimicrobial compound produced by bacteria associated with reef-building
corals. PeerJ 4:e2275. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2275
Raina JB, Tapiolas DM, Foret S, Lutz A, Abrego D, Ceh J, Seneca FO, Clode PL, Bourne DG,
Willis BL, Motti CA (2013) DMSP biosynthesis by an animal and its role in coral thermal stress
response. Nature 502(7473):677–680. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12677
Rateb ME, Ebel R (2011) Secondary metabolites of fungi from marine habitats. Nat Prod Rep 28
(2):290–344. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0np00061b
Rudrappa T, Czymmek KJ, Pare PW, Bais HP (2008) Root-secreted malic acid recruits beneficial
soil bacteria. Plant Physiol 148(3):1547–1556. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.108.127613
Ryan PR, Dessaux Y, Thomashow LS, Weller DM (2009) Rhizosphere engineering and management for sustainable agriculture. Plant Soil 321(1):363–383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104009-0001-6
Sanders JG, Powell S, Kronauer DJ, Vasconcelos HL, Frederickson ME, Pierce NE (2014) Stability
and phylogenetic correlation in gut microbiota: lessons from ants and apes. Mol Ecol 23
(6):1268–1283. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.12611
Schatz A, Bugle E, Waksman SA (1944) Streptomycin, a substance exhibiting antibiotic activity
against gram-positive and gram-negative Bacteria. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 55(1):66–69. https://
doi.org/10.3181/00379727-55-14461
Scheuring I, Yu DW (2012) How to assemble a beneficial microbiome in three easy steps. Ecol Lett
15(11):1300–1307. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01853.x
Schoenian I, Spiteller M, Ghaste M, Wirth R, Herz H, Spiteller D (2011) Chemical basis of the
synergism and antagonism in microbial communities in the nests of leaf-cutting ants. Proc Natl
Acad Sci U S A 108(5):1955–1960
Seipke RF, Barke J, Brearley C, Hill L, Douglas WY, Goss RJ, Hutchings MI (2011) A single
Streptomyces symbiont makes multiple antifungals to support the fungus farming ant
Acromyrmex octospinosus. PLoS One 6(8):e22028
Seipke RF, Kaltenpoth M, Hutchings MI (2012) Streptomyces as symbionts: an emerging and
widespread theme? FEMS Microbiol Rev 36(4):862–876. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.
2011.00313.x
Selosse MA, Bessis A, Pozo MJ (2014) Microbial priming of plant and animal immunity: symbionts as developmental signals. Trends Microbiol 22(11):607–613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.
2014.07.003
Sen R, Ishak HD, Estrada D, Dowd SE, Hong E, Mueller UG (2009) Generalized antifungal activity
and 454-screening of Pseudonocardia and Amycolatopsis bacteria in nests of fungus-growing
ants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106(42):17805. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0904827106
Tamburini S, Shen N, Wu HC, Clemente JC (2016) The microbiome in early life: implications for
health outcomes. Nat Med 22(7):713–722. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.4142
van der Meij A, Worsley SF, Hutchings MI, van Wezel GP (2017) Chemical ecology of antibiotic
production by actinomycetes. FEMS Microbiol Rev 41(3):392–416. https://doi.org/10.1093/
femsre/fux005
Viaene T, Langendries S, Beirinckx S, Maes M, Goormachtig S (2016) Streptomyces as a plant’s
best friend? FEMS Microbiol Ecol 92(8):fiw119
Wang L, Feng Y, Tian J, Xiang M, Sun J, Ding J, Yin WB, Stadler M, Che Y, Liu X (2015) Farming
of a defensive fungal mutualist by an attelabid weevil. ISME J 9(8):1793–1801. https://doi.org/
10.1038/ismej.2014.263
Worsley SF, Innocent TM, Heine D, Murrell JC, Yu DW, Wilkinson B, Hutchings MI, Boomsma
JJ, Holmes NA (2018) Symbiotic partnerships and their chemical interactions in the leafcutter
ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News 27:59–74
Zhang Y, Ruyter-Spira C, Bouwmeester HJ (2015) Engineering the plant rhizosphere. Curr Opin
Biotechnol 32:136–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2014.12.006
23 Defensive Microbiomes: A Widespread Phenomenon in Nature
511
Isolation of an antimicrobial compound produced by bacteria associated with reef-building
corals. PeerJ 4:e2275. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2275
Raina JB, Tapiolas DM, Foret S, Lutz A, Abrego D, Ceh J, Seneca FO, Clode PL, Bourne DG,
Willis BL, Motti CA (2013) DMSP biosynthesis by an animal and its role in coral thermal stress
response. Nature 502(7473):677–680. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12677
Rateb ME, Ebel R (2011) Secondary metabolites of fungi from marine habitats. Nat Prod Rep 28
(2):290–344. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0np00061b
Rudrappa T, Czymmek KJ, Pare PW, Bais HP (2008) Root-secreted malic acid recruits beneficial
soil bacteria. Plant Physiol 148(3):1547–1556. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.108.127613
Ryan PR, Dessaux Y, Thomashow LS, Weller DM (2009) Rhizosphere engineering and management for sustainable agriculture. Plant Soil 321(1):363–383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104009-0001-6
Sanders JG, Powell S, Kronauer DJ, Vasconcelos HL, Frederickson ME, Pierce NE (2014) Stability
and phylogenetic correlation in gut microbiota: lessons from ants and apes. Mol Ecol 23
(6):1268–1283. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.12611
Schatz A, Bugle E, Waksman SA (1944) Streptomycin, a substance exhibiting antibiotic activity
against gram-positive and gram-negative Bacteria. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 55(1):66–69. https://
doi.org/10.3181/00379727-55-14461
Scheuring I, Yu DW (2012) How to assemble a beneficial microbiome in three easy steps. Ecol Lett
15(11):1300–1307. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01853.x
Schoenian I, Spiteller M, Ghaste M, Wirth R, Herz H, Spiteller D (2011) Chemical basis of the
synergism and antagonism in microbial communities in the nests of leaf-cutting ants. Proc Natl
Acad Sci U S A 108(5):1955–1960
Seipke RF, Barke J, Brearley C, Hill L, Douglas WY, Goss RJ, Hutchings MI (2011) A single
Streptomyces symbiont makes multiple antifungals to support the fungus farming ant
Acromyrmex octospinosus. PLoS One 6(8):e22028
Seipke RF, Kaltenpoth M, Hutchings MI (2012) Streptomyces as symbionts: an emerging and
widespread theme? FEMS Microbiol Rev 36(4):862–876. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.
2011.00313.x
Selosse MA, Bessis A, Pozo MJ (2014) Microbial priming of plant and animal immunity: symbionts as developmental signals. Trends Microbiol 22(11):607–613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.
2014.07.003
Sen R, Ishak HD, Estrada D, Dowd SE, Hong E, Mueller UG (2009) Generalized antifungal activity
and 454-screening of Pseudonocardia and Amycolatopsis bacteria in nests of fungus-growing
ants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106(42):17805. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0904827106
Tamburini S, Shen N, Wu HC, Clemente JC (2016) The microbiome in early life: implications for
health outcomes. Nat Med 22(7):713–722. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.4142
van der Meij A, Worsley SF, Hutchings MI, van Wezel GP (2017) Chemical ecology of antibiotic
production by actinomycetes. FEMS Microbiol Rev 41(3):392–416. https://doi.org/10.1093/
femsre/fux005
Viaene T, Langendries S, Beirinckx S, Maes M, Goormachtig S (2016) Streptomyces as a plant’s
best friend? FEMS Microbiol Ecol 92(8):fiw119
Wang L, Feng Y, Tian J, Xiang M, Sun J, Ding J, Yin WB, Stadler M, Che Y, Liu X (2015) Farming
of a defensive fungal mutualist by an attelabid weevil. ISME J 9(8):1793–1801. https://doi.org/
10.1038/ismej.2014.263
Worsley SF, Innocent TM, Heine D, Murrell JC, Yu DW, Wilkinson B, Hutchings MI, Boomsma
JJ, Holmes NA (2018) Symbiotic partnerships and their chemical interactions in the leafcutter
ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News 27:59–74
Zhang Y, Ruyter-Spira C, Bouwmeester HJ (2015) Engineering the plant rhizosphere. Curr Opin
Biotechnol 32:136–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2014.12.006
23 Defensive Microbiomes: A Widespread Phenomenon in Nature
511