Griffin DW, Kellogg CA (2004) Dust storms and their impact on ocean and human health. Eco
Health 1:284–295
Herman JR, Krotkov N, Celarier E, Larko D, Labow G (1999) The distribution of UV radiation at
the Earth's surface from TOMS measured UV-backscattered radiances. J Geophys Res
104:12059–12076
Hill KA, Shepson PB, Galbavy ES, Anastasio C, Kourtev PS, Konopka A et al (2007) Processing of
atmospheric nitrogen by clouds above a forest environment. J Geophys Res-Atmos 112(D11).
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jd008002
Johnson DE, Ward GM (1996) Estimates of animal methane emissions. Environ Monit Assess 42
(1–2):133–141. https://doi.org/10.1007/Bf00394046
Joseph RG (2019) Life on Venus and the interplanetary transfer of biota from earth. Astrophysics
and Space Science 364(11). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-019-3678-x
Klein AM, Bohannan BJM, Jaffe DA, Levin DA, Green JL (2016) Molecular evidence for
metabolically active bacteria in the atmosphere. Front Microbiol 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/
fmicb.2016.00772
Kourtev PS, Hill KA, Shepson PB, Konopka A (2011) Atmospheric cloud water contains a diverse
bacterial community. Atmos Environ 45(30):5399–5405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.
2011.06.041
Lenes JM, Darrow BA, Walsh JJ, Prospero JM, He R, Weisberg RH et al (2008) Saharan dust and
phosphatic fidelity: a three-dimensional biogeochemical model of Trichodesmium as a nutrient
source for red tides on the West Florida shelf. Cont Shelf Res 28(9):1091–1115. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.csr.2008.02.009
Limaye SS, Mogul R, Smith DJ, Ansari AH, Slowik GP, Vaishampayan P (2018) Venus’ spectral
signatures and the potential for life in the clouds. Astrobiology 18(9):1181–1198. https://doi.
org/10.1089/ast.2017.1783
Merriam-Webster (2020) Ecosystem: the complex of a community of organism and its environment
functioning as an ecological unit. (pp. merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ecosystem)
Mims SA, Mims FM (2004) Fungal spores are transported long distances in smoke from biomass
fires. Atmos Environ 38(5):651–655
National-Geographic (2020) Ecosystem: an exosystem is a geographic area where plants, animals,
and other organisms, as well as weather and landscapes, work together to form a bubble of life.
(pp. nationallgeographic.org/encyclopedia/ecosystem/)
Nehme B, Gilbert Y, Letourneau V, Forster RJ, Veillette M, Villemur R et al (2009) Cultureindependent characterization of Archaeal biodiversity in swine confinement building
bioaerosols. Appl Environ Microbiol 75(17):5445–5450. https://doi.org/10.1128/Aem.
00726-09
Ortiz-Alvarez R, Fierer N, de los Rios A, Casamayor EO, Barberan A (2018) Consistent changes in
the taxonomic structure and functional attributes of bacterial communities during primary
succession. ISME J 12(7):1658–1667. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-018-0076-2
Pasteur L (1861) Memoire sur les corpuscles organises qui existent dans l’atmosphere. Examen de
la doctrine des generations spontanees. Annales des Sciences Naturelles - Zoologie et Biologie
Animale, 4e ser 16:5–98
Reche I, D'Orta G, Mladenov N, Winget DM, Suttle CA (2018) Deposition rates of viruses and
bacteria above the atmospheric boundary layer. ISME J 12(4):1154–1162. https://doi.org/10.
1038/s41396-017-0042-4
Ruff SE, Biddle JF, Teske AP, Knittel K, Boetius A, Ramette A (2015) Global dispersion and local
diversification of the methane seep microbiome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112(13):4015–4020.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1421865112
Sano Y, Urabe A, Wakita H, Wushiki H (1993) Origin of Hydrogen Nitrogen Gas Seeps, Oman.
Appl Geochem 8(1):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(93)90053-J
Santl-Temkiv T, Finster K, Hansen BM, Pasic L, Karlson UG (2013) Viable methanotrophic
bacteria enriched from air and rain can oxidize methane at cloud-like conditions. Aerobiologia
29(3):373–384. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10453-013-9287-1
112
D. W. Griffin
Health 1:284–295
Herman JR, Krotkov N, Celarier E, Larko D, Labow G (1999) The distribution of UV radiation at
the Earth's surface from TOMS measured UV-backscattered radiances. J Geophys Res
104:12059–12076
Hill KA, Shepson PB, Galbavy ES, Anastasio C, Kourtev PS, Konopka A et al (2007) Processing of
atmospheric nitrogen by clouds above a forest environment. J Geophys Res-Atmos 112(D11).
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jd008002
Johnson DE, Ward GM (1996) Estimates of animal methane emissions. Environ Monit Assess 42
(1–2):133–141. https://doi.org/10.1007/Bf00394046
Joseph RG (2019) Life on Venus and the interplanetary transfer of biota from earth. Astrophysics
and Space Science 364(11). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-019-3678-x
Klein AM, Bohannan BJM, Jaffe DA, Levin DA, Green JL (2016) Molecular evidence for
metabolically active bacteria in the atmosphere. Front Microbiol 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/
fmicb.2016.00772
Kourtev PS, Hill KA, Shepson PB, Konopka A (2011) Atmospheric cloud water contains a diverse
bacterial community. Atmos Environ 45(30):5399–5405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.
2011.06.041
Lenes JM, Darrow BA, Walsh JJ, Prospero JM, He R, Weisberg RH et al (2008) Saharan dust and
phosphatic fidelity: a three-dimensional biogeochemical model of Trichodesmium as a nutrient
source for red tides on the West Florida shelf. Cont Shelf Res 28(9):1091–1115. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.csr.2008.02.009
Limaye SS, Mogul R, Smith DJ, Ansari AH, Slowik GP, Vaishampayan P (2018) Venus’ spectral
signatures and the potential for life in the clouds. Astrobiology 18(9):1181–1198. https://doi.
org/10.1089/ast.2017.1783
Merriam-Webster (2020) Ecosystem: the complex of a community of organism and its environment
functioning as an ecological unit. (pp. merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ecosystem)
Mims SA, Mims FM (2004) Fungal spores are transported long distances in smoke from biomass
fires. Atmos Environ 38(5):651–655
National-Geographic (2020) Ecosystem: an exosystem is a geographic area where plants, animals,
and other organisms, as well as weather and landscapes, work together to form a bubble of life.
(pp. nationallgeographic.org/encyclopedia/ecosystem/)
Nehme B, Gilbert Y, Letourneau V, Forster RJ, Veillette M, Villemur R et al (2009) Cultureindependent characterization of Archaeal biodiversity in swine confinement building
bioaerosols. Appl Environ Microbiol 75(17):5445–5450. https://doi.org/10.1128/Aem.
00726-09
Ortiz-Alvarez R, Fierer N, de los Rios A, Casamayor EO, Barberan A (2018) Consistent changes in
the taxonomic structure and functional attributes of bacterial communities during primary
succession. ISME J 12(7):1658–1667. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-018-0076-2
Pasteur L (1861) Memoire sur les corpuscles organises qui existent dans l’atmosphere. Examen de
la doctrine des generations spontanees. Annales des Sciences Naturelles - Zoologie et Biologie
Animale, 4e ser 16:5–98
Reche I, D'Orta G, Mladenov N, Winget DM, Suttle CA (2018) Deposition rates of viruses and
bacteria above the atmospheric boundary layer. ISME J 12(4):1154–1162. https://doi.org/10.
1038/s41396-017-0042-4
Ruff SE, Biddle JF, Teske AP, Knittel K, Boetius A, Ramette A (2015) Global dispersion and local
diversification of the methane seep microbiome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112(13):4015–4020.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1421865112
Sano Y, Urabe A, Wakita H, Wushiki H (1993) Origin of Hydrogen Nitrogen Gas Seeps, Oman.
Appl Geochem 8(1):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(93)90053-J
Santl-Temkiv T, Finster K, Hansen BM, Pasic L, Karlson UG (2013) Viable methanotrophic
bacteria enriched from air and rain can oxidize methane at cloud-like conditions. Aerobiologia
29(3):373–384. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10453-013-9287-1
112
D. W. Griffin