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© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
K. Dhusia et al. (eds.), Fungal Siderophores, Fungal Biology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53077-8_6
Chapter 6
Interventions to Ameliorate Heavy Metal
Contaminated Soils Employing Fungal
Siderophores
Ramu Govindan, Logesh Rajan, Tilak Meenakshisundaram,
Sivakumar Karthikeyan, Rajan Karuppusamy, Lakshmaiah Kathari,
Duraiswamy Basavan, Dhanabal Palanisamy,
and Suresh Kumar Mohankumar
Contents
6.1 Introduction
80
6.1.1 Remediation In Situ
80
6.1.2 Remediation Ex Situ
81
6.1.3 Slurry-Phase Technique
81
6.1.4 Solid-Phase Technique
81
6.1.5 Land Farming
82
6.1.6 Composting
82
6.1.7 Soil Bio-piles
82
6.2 Nature of Heavy Metals
83
6.3 Principles Involved in Bioremediation
83
6.4 Bioremediation Involving Microorganisms
85
6.5 Fungal Bioremediation
88
6.5.1 Standards Involved in Fungal Siderophore Bioremediation
89
6.5.2 Contextual Investigations in Fungal Bioremediation
91
6.6 Conclusion
94
References
95
R. Govindan · L. Rajan · D. Basavan · D. Palanisamy · S. K. Mohankumar (*)
TIFAC CORE in Herbal Drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytopharmacy, JSS
College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research,
Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
e-mail: suresh.jsscpo@jssuni.edu.in
T. Meenakshisundaram · L. Kathari
Horticultural Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
S. Karthikeyan
Department of Soil Science, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
R. Karuppusamy
Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute, Research Centre,
Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India