157
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
K. Dhusia et al. (eds.), Fungal Siderophores, Fungal Biology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53077-8_10
Chapter 10
Bioinformatics Applications in Fungal
Siderophores: Omics Implications
Devika Subramanian, Vijina Chakkyarath, and Jeyakumar Natarajan
Contents
10.1 Introduction
157
10.2 Potential of Bioinformatics
158
10.3 Bioinformatics Analysis in Natural Product Discovery Including Non-ribosomal
Peptides
159
10.3.1 Genome Mining: Identification of BGCs
159
10.3.2 Linking BGCs to NPs
163
10.3.3 Utilizing Integrated Omics Approaches for Revealing Natural Product
Biosynthetic Pathways
163
10.4 Conclusion
167
References
168
10.1 Introduction
Nearly all known organisms exhibit a need for iron as an essential nutrient. However,
the amount of soluble iron compound is too low and hence less accessible to both
micro- and macro-organisms. (Lasocki et al. 2014; Schaible and Kaufmann 2004).
Though there are exceptions such as Lactobacillus plantarum and Borrelia burgdorferi that do not require iron (Archibald 1983; Posey and Gherardini 2000), it is
important for most organisms to utilize iron transport mechanisms for survival. At
the same time, these mechanisms also need to strike a balance to avoid excess
uptake and resultant toxicity (Schaible and Kaufmann 2004). Siderophores are one
among such compounds that are released in cases of iron-deficient situations by
microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi.
Siderophores help in dodging the issue of iron-limitation by forming watersoluble complexes with Fe
3+
that has six co-ordination sites in the shape of octahedron to accommodate three bidentate ligands (Cornelis and Andrews 2010).
Siderophores can be of different types such as catecholate, hydroxamate or alphahydroxy carboxylates, etc. Whereas bacteria produce siderophores containing a
D. Subramanian · V. Chakkyarath · J. Natarajan (*)
Data mining and Text mining Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar
University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
K. Dhusia et al. (eds.), Fungal Siderophores, Fungal Biology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53077-8_10
Chapter 10
Bioinformatics Applications in Fungal
Siderophores: Omics Implications
Devika Subramanian, Vijina Chakkyarath, and Jeyakumar Natarajan
Contents
10.1 Introduction
157
10.2 Potential of Bioinformatics
158
10.3 Bioinformatics Analysis in Natural Product Discovery Including Non-ribosomal
Peptides
159
10.3.1 Genome Mining: Identification of BGCs
159
10.3.2 Linking BGCs to NPs
163
10.3.3 Utilizing Integrated Omics Approaches for Revealing Natural Product
Biosynthetic Pathways
163
10.4 Conclusion
167
References
168
10.1 Introduction
Nearly all known organisms exhibit a need for iron as an essential nutrient. However,
the amount of soluble iron compound is too low and hence less accessible to both
micro- and macro-organisms. (Lasocki et al. 2014; Schaible and Kaufmann 2004).
Though there are exceptions such as Lactobacillus plantarum and Borrelia burgdorferi that do not require iron (Archibald 1983; Posey and Gherardini 2000), it is
important for most organisms to utilize iron transport mechanisms for survival. At
the same time, these mechanisms also need to strike a balance to avoid excess
uptake and resultant toxicity (Schaible and Kaufmann 2004). Siderophores are one
among such compounds that are released in cases of iron-deficient situations by
microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi.
Siderophores help in dodging the issue of iron-limitation by forming watersoluble complexes with Fe
3+
that has six co-ordination sites in the shape of octahedron to accommodate three bidentate ligands (Cornelis and Andrews 2010).
Siderophores can be of different types such as catecholate, hydroxamate or alphahydroxy carboxylates, etc. Whereas bacteria produce siderophores containing a
D. Subramanian · V. Chakkyarath · J. Natarajan (*)
Data mining and Text mining Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar
University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India