107
4
? Questions
1. Why is there often a gap between conservation practice and discourse in the
Global South?
2. Discuss whether, and if so how, conservation practice can become more ‘people friendly’?
3. Critics of the radical discourse on conservation argue that its implication will
necessarily be environmental degradation and depletion of biodiversity, because
of population growth and bad local land-use practices. Discuss these two
opposing ideas (the radical discourse vs the revival of the fortress discourse).
4. In what ways can the communities in or around conservation areas be seen as
‘surplus populations’?
References
Adams, W. 2004. Against extinction. The story of conservation. London: Earthscan.
———. 2009. Green development. 3rd ed. London: Routledge.
Adams, W., and D. Hulme. 2001. Conservation & community: Changing narratives, policies & practices in African conservation. In African wildlife & livelihoods. The promise and performance of
community conservation, ed. D. Hulme and M. Murphree. Oxford and Portsmouth: James Curry
Ltd. and Heinemann.
Adams, J.S., and T.O. McShane. 1992. The myth of wild Africa. Conservation without illusion.
New York: W. W. Norton & Co.
Allsopp, N., C. Laurent, M.C. Debeaudoin, and M.I. Samuels. 2007. Environmental perceptions and
practices of livestock keepers on the Namaqualand Commons challenge conventional rangeland
management. Journal of Arid Environments 70 (4): 740–754.
Benjaminsen, T.A., and I. Bryceson. 2012. Conservation, green/blue grabbing and accumulation by
dispossession in Tanzania. Journal of Peasant Studies 39 (2): 335–355.
Benjaminsen, T.A., R.F. Rohde, E. Sjaastad, P. Wisborg, and T. Lebert. 2006. Land reform, range
ecology, and carrying capacities in Namaqualand, South Africa. Annals of the Association of
American Geographers 96 (3): 524–540.
Benjaminsen, T.A., T. Kepe, and S. Bråthen. 2008. Between global interests and local needs:
Conservation and land reform in Namaqualand, South Africa. Africa 78 (2): 221–244.
Benjaminsen, T.A., M.J. Goldman, M.Y. Minwary, and F.P. Maganga. 2013. Wildlife management in
Tanzania: State control, rent seeking and community resistance. Development and Change 44 (5):
1087–1109.
Bluwstein, J. 2018. From colonial fortresses to neoliberal landscapes in Northern Tanzania: A biopolitical ecology of wildlife conservation. Journal of Political Ecology 25 (1): 144–168.
Bluwstein, J., and J. Friis Lund. 2018. Territoriality by conservation in the Selous–Niassa corridor in
Tanzania. World Development 101: 453–465.
Bonner, R. 1993. At the hand of man. Peril and hope for Africa’s wildlife. London: Simon & Schuster.
Brandon, K., K.H. Redford, and S.E. Sanderson, eds. 1998. Parks in peril: People, politics and protected areas. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Brechin, S.R., P.R. Wilshusen, and C.L. Fortwangler, eds. 2003. Contested nature: Promoting international biodiversity with social justice in the twenty-first century. New York: State University of
New York Press.
Brockington, D. 2002. Fortress conservation: The preservation of the Mkomazi Game Reserve,
Tanzania. Oxford: James Currey.
Brockington, D., R. Duffy, and J. Igoe. 2008. Nature unbound: Conservation, capitalism and the future
of protected areas. London: Earthscan.
References
4
? Questions
1. Why is there often a gap between conservation practice and discourse in the
Global South?
2. Discuss whether, and if so how, conservation practice can become more ‘people friendly’?
3. Critics of the radical discourse on conservation argue that its implication will
necessarily be environmental degradation and depletion of biodiversity, because
of population growth and bad local land-use practices. Discuss these two
opposing ideas (the radical discourse vs the revival of the fortress discourse).
4. In what ways can the communities in or around conservation areas be seen as
‘surplus populations’?
References
Adams, W. 2004. Against extinction. The story of conservation. London: Earthscan.
———. 2009. Green development. 3rd ed. London: Routledge.
Adams, W., and D. Hulme. 2001. Conservation & community: Changing narratives, policies & practices in African conservation. In African wildlife & livelihoods. The promise and performance of
community conservation, ed. D. Hulme and M. Murphree. Oxford and Portsmouth: James Curry
Ltd. and Heinemann.
Adams, J.S., and T.O. McShane. 1992. The myth of wild Africa. Conservation without illusion.
New York: W. W. Norton & Co.
Allsopp, N., C. Laurent, M.C. Debeaudoin, and M.I. Samuels. 2007. Environmental perceptions and
practices of livestock keepers on the Namaqualand Commons challenge conventional rangeland
management. Journal of Arid Environments 70 (4): 740–754.
Benjaminsen, T.A., and I. Bryceson. 2012. Conservation, green/blue grabbing and accumulation by
dispossession in Tanzania. Journal of Peasant Studies 39 (2): 335–355.
Benjaminsen, T.A., R.F. Rohde, E. Sjaastad, P. Wisborg, and T. Lebert. 2006. Land reform, range
ecology, and carrying capacities in Namaqualand, South Africa. Annals of the Association of
American Geographers 96 (3): 524–540.
Benjaminsen, T.A., T. Kepe, and S. Bråthen. 2008. Between global interests and local needs:
Conservation and land reform in Namaqualand, South Africa. Africa 78 (2): 221–244.
Benjaminsen, T.A., M.J. Goldman, M.Y. Minwary, and F.P. Maganga. 2013. Wildlife management in
Tanzania: State control, rent seeking and community resistance. Development and Change 44 (5):
1087–1109.
Bluwstein, J. 2018. From colonial fortresses to neoliberal landscapes in Northern Tanzania: A biopolitical ecology of wildlife conservation. Journal of Political Ecology 25 (1): 144–168.
Bluwstein, J., and J. Friis Lund. 2018. Territoriality by conservation in the Selous–Niassa corridor in
Tanzania. World Development 101: 453–465.
Bonner, R. 1993. At the hand of man. Peril and hope for Africa’s wildlife. London: Simon & Schuster.
Brandon, K., K.H. Redford, and S.E. Sanderson, eds. 1998. Parks in peril: People, politics and protected areas. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Brechin, S.R., P.R. Wilshusen, and C.L. Fortwangler, eds. 2003. Contested nature: Promoting international biodiversity with social justice in the twenty-first century. New York: State University of
New York Press.
Brockington, D. 2002. Fortress conservation: The preservation of the Mkomazi Game Reserve,
Tanzania. Oxford: James Currey.
Brockington, D., R. Duffy, and J. Igoe. 2008. Nature unbound: Conservation, capitalism and the future
of protected areas. London: Earthscan.
References