79
Penner J, Vihervaara P, Belward A, Reyers B, Geller GN (2016) Framing the concept of satellite remote sensing essential biodiversity variables: challenges and future directions. Remote
Sens Ecol Conser 2:122–131
Poorter H, Niinemets U, Poorter L, Wright IJ, Villar R (2009) Causes and consequences of variation in leaf mass per area (LMA): a meta-analysis. New Phytol 182:565–588
Raabe K, Pisek J, Sonnentag O, Annuk K (2015) Variations of leaf inclination angle distribution
with height over the growing season and light exposure for eight broadleaf tree species. Agric
For Meteorol 214-215:2–11
Rabideau GS, French CS, Holt AS (1946) The absorption and reflection spectra of leaves, chloroplast suspensions, and chloroplast fragments as measured in an Ulbricht sphere. Am J Bot
33(10):769–777
Reich PB (2014) The world-wide ‘fast–slow’ plant economics spectrum: a traits manifesto. J Ecol
102:275–301
Reich PB, Walters MB, Ellsworth DS (1997) From tropics to tundra: Global convergence in plant
functioning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94:13730–13734
Reich PB, Wright IJ, Cavender-Bares J, Craine JM, Oleksyn J, Westoby M, Walters MB (2003)
The evolution of plant functional variation: traits, spectra, and strategies. Int J Plant Sci
164:S143–S164
Reich PB, Wright IJ, Lusk CH (2007) Predicting leaf physiology from simple plant and climate
attributes: a global GLOPNET analysis. Ecol Appl 17:1982–1988
Rice J, Seixas CS, Zaccagnini ME, BedoyaGaitán M, Valderrama N, Anderson CB, Arroyo MTK,
Bustamante M, Cavender-Bares J, Diaz-de-Leon A, Fennessy S, Márquez JRG, Garcia K,
Helmer EH, Herrera B, Klatt B, Ometo JP, Osuna VR, Scarano FR, Schill S, and Farinaci JS
(2018) IPBES, The regional assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services for the
Americas. Bonn, Germany
Richardson AD, Duigan SP, Berlyn GP (2002) An evaluation of noninvasive methods to estimate
foliar chlorophyll content. New Phytol 153:185–194
Roberts DA, Ustin SL, Ogunjemiyo S, Greenberg J, Dobrowski SZ, Chen JQ, Hinckley TM (2004)
Spectral and structural measures of northwest forest vegetation at leaf to landscape scales.
Ecosystems 7:545–562
Ross J (1981) Optical properties of phytoelements. In: Ross J (ed) The radiation regime and architecture of plant stands. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 175–187
Schaepman ME, Jehle M, Hueni A, D'Odorico P, Damm A, Weyermann J, Schneider FD, Laurent V,
Popp C, Seidel FC, Lenhard K, Gege P, Küchler C, Brazile J, Kohler P, De Vos L, Meuleman K,
Meynart R, Schläpfer D, Kneubühler M, Itten KI (2015) Advanced radiometry measurements
and Earth science applications with the Airborne Prism Experiment (APEX). Remote Sens
Environ 158:207–219
Schimel D, Pavlick R, Fisher JB, Asner GP, Saatchi S, Townsend P, Miller C, Frankenberg C,
Hibbard K, Cox P (2015) Observing terrestrial ecosystems and the carbon cycle from space.
Glob Chang Biol 21:1762–1776
Schläpfer D, Richter R, Feingersh T (2015) Operational BRDF effects correction for wide-field-ofview optical scanners (BREFCOR). IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 53:1855–1864
Serbin SP, Singh A, Desai AR, Dubois SG, Jablonski AD, Kingdon CC, Kruger EL, Townsend
PA (2015) Remotely estimating photosynthetic capacity, and its response to temperature, in
vegetation canopies using imaging spectroscopy. Remote Sens Environ 167:78–87
Serbin SP, Singh A, McNeil BE, Kingdon CC, Townsend PA (2014) Spectroscopic determination
of leaf morphological and biochemical traits for northern temperate and boreal tree species.
Ecol Appl 24:1651–1669
Serrano L, Ustin SL, Roberts DA, Gamon JA, Penuelas J (2000) Deriving water content of chaparral vegetation from AVIRIS data. Remote Sens Environ 74(3):570–581
Shabanov NV, Huang D, Yang WZ, Tan B, Knyazikhin Y, Myneni RB, Ahl DE, Gower ST, Huete
AR, Aragao L, Shimabukuro YE (2005) Analysis and optimization of the MODIS leaf area index
algorithm retrievals over broadleaf forests. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 43:1855–1865
3 Scaling Functional Traits from Leaves to Canopies
Penner J, Vihervaara P, Belward A, Reyers B, Geller GN (2016) Framing the concept of satellite remote sensing essential biodiversity variables: challenges and future directions. Remote
Sens Ecol Conser 2:122–131
Poorter H, Niinemets U, Poorter L, Wright IJ, Villar R (2009) Causes and consequences of variation in leaf mass per area (LMA): a meta-analysis. New Phytol 182:565–588
Raabe K, Pisek J, Sonnentag O, Annuk K (2015) Variations of leaf inclination angle distribution
with height over the growing season and light exposure for eight broadleaf tree species. Agric
For Meteorol 214-215:2–11
Rabideau GS, French CS, Holt AS (1946) The absorption and reflection spectra of leaves, chloroplast suspensions, and chloroplast fragments as measured in an Ulbricht sphere. Am J Bot
33(10):769–777
Reich PB (2014) The world-wide ‘fast–slow’ plant economics spectrum: a traits manifesto. J Ecol
102:275–301
Reich PB, Walters MB, Ellsworth DS (1997) From tropics to tundra: Global convergence in plant
functioning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94:13730–13734
Reich PB, Wright IJ, Cavender-Bares J, Craine JM, Oleksyn J, Westoby M, Walters MB (2003)
The evolution of plant functional variation: traits, spectra, and strategies. Int J Plant Sci
164:S143–S164
Reich PB, Wright IJ, Lusk CH (2007) Predicting leaf physiology from simple plant and climate
attributes: a global GLOPNET analysis. Ecol Appl 17:1982–1988
Rice J, Seixas CS, Zaccagnini ME, BedoyaGaitán M, Valderrama N, Anderson CB, Arroyo MTK,
Bustamante M, Cavender-Bares J, Diaz-de-Leon A, Fennessy S, Márquez JRG, Garcia K,
Helmer EH, Herrera B, Klatt B, Ometo JP, Osuna VR, Scarano FR, Schill S, and Farinaci JS
(2018) IPBES, The regional assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services for the
Americas. Bonn, Germany
Richardson AD, Duigan SP, Berlyn GP (2002) An evaluation of noninvasive methods to estimate
foliar chlorophyll content. New Phytol 153:185–194
Roberts DA, Ustin SL, Ogunjemiyo S, Greenberg J, Dobrowski SZ, Chen JQ, Hinckley TM (2004)
Spectral and structural measures of northwest forest vegetation at leaf to landscape scales.
Ecosystems 7:545–562
Ross J (1981) Optical properties of phytoelements. In: Ross J (ed) The radiation regime and architecture of plant stands. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 175–187
Schaepman ME, Jehle M, Hueni A, D'Odorico P, Damm A, Weyermann J, Schneider FD, Laurent V,
Popp C, Seidel FC, Lenhard K, Gege P, Küchler C, Brazile J, Kohler P, De Vos L, Meuleman K,
Meynart R, Schläpfer D, Kneubühler M, Itten KI (2015) Advanced radiometry measurements
and Earth science applications with the Airborne Prism Experiment (APEX). Remote Sens
Environ 158:207–219
Schimel D, Pavlick R, Fisher JB, Asner GP, Saatchi S, Townsend P, Miller C, Frankenberg C,
Hibbard K, Cox P (2015) Observing terrestrial ecosystems and the carbon cycle from space.
Glob Chang Biol 21:1762–1776
Schläpfer D, Richter R, Feingersh T (2015) Operational BRDF effects correction for wide-field-ofview optical scanners (BREFCOR). IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 53:1855–1864
Serbin SP, Singh A, Desai AR, Dubois SG, Jablonski AD, Kingdon CC, Kruger EL, Townsend
PA (2015) Remotely estimating photosynthetic capacity, and its response to temperature, in
vegetation canopies using imaging spectroscopy. Remote Sens Environ 167:78–87
Serbin SP, Singh A, McNeil BE, Kingdon CC, Townsend PA (2014) Spectroscopic determination
of leaf morphological and biochemical traits for northern temperate and boreal tree species.
Ecol Appl 24:1651–1669
Serrano L, Ustin SL, Roberts DA, Gamon JA, Penuelas J (2000) Deriving water content of chaparral vegetation from AVIRIS data. Remote Sens Environ 74(3):570–581
Shabanov NV, Huang D, Yang WZ, Tan B, Knyazikhin Y, Myneni RB, Ahl DE, Gower ST, Huete
AR, Aragao L, Shimabukuro YE (2005) Analysis and optimization of the MODIS leaf area index
algorithm retrievals over broadleaf forests. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 43:1855–1865
3 Scaling Functional Traits from Leaves to Canopies