568
Aquatic ecosystems
remote sensing of invasive alien species
in, 282–290
Aquatic macrophyte
emergent, 285
floating, 285
submerged, 283, 286–287, 289
Aquatic vegetation
functional types, 282, 505, 508
ArcGIS 10.3, 231
Artificial neural network, 278
Assimilation, 473–475
Atmospheric correction, 52, 56, 69, 416, 417
Automating sampling design methods, 407
Auxiliary data, 462
anthropogenic, 468–469
in-situ abiotic data, 468
in-situ biodiversity, 463–467
integrating with remotely sensed data,
464, 469–475
land cover, 469–470
types and sources (table), 464–466
AVHRR, see Advanced Very High-Resolution
Radiometer (AVHRR)
AVIRIS, see Airborne Visible/Infrared
Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS)
B
Backscatter, 329–332
Bacteria
in belowground decomposition, 175
diversity of, 184
BAM framework, 201
Bark beetle, 125, 135
BEF, see Biodiversity-ecosystem
function (BEF)
Belowground processes, 173
influence of aboveground vegetation
on, 174–181
influence of vegetation chemical
composition, 177
Beta diversity, 26, 180, 241, 321–323, 440,
442, 458
mapping, 113, 240
metrics, 30
Bidirectional reflectance distribution function
(BRDF), 56, 431
Bignones, 257–263
Bioclimatic variables
predicting biodiversity from, 255–263
BioCondition, 459
BioDISCOVERY, 11
BioDIV, 29, 185
Biodiverse software, 259
Biodiversity, 238, 463–467, 475
and belowground processes, 181
biological species, 310
definition of, 14
and ecosystem services, 34
and environmental variation, 16
four dimensions of, 461
hierarchical nature of, 14
and latitude, 16
loss, 31, 225
monitoring, 1, 440–442, 456–458, 519–525
morphological species, 310
phylogenetic species, 310
remote sensing as a tool to monitor and
manage, 2–6, 199, 269
sampling, 400, 427
two monitoring approaches to, 310
types of, 23, 238
use of remote sensing to measure and
model, 203, 216, 491–494
Biodiversity and ecosystem function (BEF),
19, 32, 174, 180
using spectra to quantify
relationships, 32–33
Biodiversity and ecosystem services
trade-offs, 35
Biodiversity-geodiversity interplay, 225, 242
Biogeographic Infrastructure for Large-scaled
Biodiversity Indicators
(BILBI), 494
Biodiversity Observation Network (BON), 524
Biological diversity
and spectral patterns, 429 (see also
Biodiversity)
Biological species concept (BSC), 310, 334
Biomass Software, 330, 333
See also Earth Explorer 7
Biomass, 176
estimating, 455, 471–472
Biophysical modeling
use of radar for, 330
using radar, 329
Biophysical parameters
determining with LiDAR, 326–327
Biophysical variables
remote sensing of, 216, 332, 469
Blomberg’s K, 160–161
Botanical Information and Ecology Network
(BIEN), 17, 238
Bray-Curtis dissimilarity, 25, 30
Brazilian Atlantic Forest, 255–263
BRDF, see Bidirectional reflectance
distribution function (BRDF)
Index
Aquatic ecosystems
remote sensing of invasive alien species
in, 282–290
Aquatic macrophyte
emergent, 285
floating, 285
submerged, 283, 286–287, 289
Aquatic vegetation
functional types, 282, 505, 508
ArcGIS 10.3, 231
Artificial neural network, 278
Assimilation, 473–475
Atmospheric correction, 52, 56, 69, 416, 417
Automating sampling design methods, 407
Auxiliary data, 462
anthropogenic, 468–469
in-situ abiotic data, 468
in-situ biodiversity, 463–467
integrating with remotely sensed data,
464, 469–475
land cover, 469–470
types and sources (table), 464–466
AVHRR, see Advanced Very High-Resolution
Radiometer (AVHRR)
AVIRIS, see Airborne Visible/Infrared
Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS)
B
Backscatter, 329–332
Bacteria
in belowground decomposition, 175
diversity of, 184
BAM framework, 201
Bark beetle, 125, 135
BEF, see Biodiversity-ecosystem
function (BEF)
Belowground processes, 173
influence of aboveground vegetation
on, 174–181
influence of vegetation chemical
composition, 177
Beta diversity, 26, 180, 241, 321–323, 440,
442, 458
mapping, 113, 240
metrics, 30
Bidirectional reflectance distribution function
(BRDF), 56, 431
Bignones, 257–263
Bioclimatic variables
predicting biodiversity from, 255–263
BioCondition, 459
BioDISCOVERY, 11
BioDIV, 29, 185
Biodiverse software, 259
Biodiversity, 238, 463–467, 475
and belowground processes, 181
biological species, 310
definition of, 14
and ecosystem services, 34
and environmental variation, 16
four dimensions of, 461
hierarchical nature of, 14
and latitude, 16
loss, 31, 225
monitoring, 1, 440–442, 456–458, 519–525
morphological species, 310
phylogenetic species, 310
remote sensing as a tool to monitor and
manage, 2–6, 199, 269
sampling, 400, 427
two monitoring approaches to, 310
types of, 23, 238
use of remote sensing to measure and
model, 203, 216, 491–494
Biodiversity and ecosystem function (BEF),
19, 32, 174, 180
using spectra to quantify
relationships, 32–33
Biodiversity and ecosystem services
trade-offs, 35
Biodiversity-geodiversity interplay, 225, 242
Biogeographic Infrastructure for Large-scaled
Biodiversity Indicators
(BILBI), 494
Biodiversity Observation Network (BON), 524
Biological diversity
and spectral patterns, 429 (see also
Biodiversity)
Biological species concept (BSC), 310, 334
Biomass Software, 330, 333
See also Earth Explorer 7
Biomass, 176
estimating, 455, 471–472
Biophysical modeling
use of radar for, 330
using radar, 329
Biophysical parameters
determining with LiDAR, 326–327
Biophysical variables
remote sensing of, 216, 332, 469
Blomberg’s K, 160–161
Botanical Information and Ecology Network
(BIEN), 17, 238
Bray-Curtis dissimilarity, 25, 30
Brazilian Atlantic Forest, 255–263
BRDF, see Bidirectional reflectance
distribution function (BRDF)
Index