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Phylogenetic overdispersion The tendency of distant relatives to occur together
in an area (or within a community) more often than expected by chance.
Phylogenetic signal The degree to which closely related organisms tend to
resemble each other. A high phylogenetic signal suggests that there is a strong
relationship between species’ traits values and their shared evolutionary history.
Phylogenetic species concept The concept of a species as a group of individuals
descended from a common ancestor that share a set of derived traits that define
the group.
Phylogenetic tree See phylogeny.
Phylogenetics Discipline that investigates the evolutionary relationships between
species, and the methods to uncover such relationships.
Phylogeny A history of shared ancestry between species, often depicted as a
branched tree. Each tip is typically a species and internal branching points represent speciation events. Also known as evolutionary tree, cladogram, or chronogram. Or (phylogenetic tree, evolutionary tree) a reconstruction of the estimated
evolutionary relationship between species.
Physiognomic related to external attributes (of plants) visible to a human
observer; related to the external appearance (phenotype) of plants or vegetation.
See also morphological.
Phytoplankton Microscopic, photosynthesizing organisms that inhabit almost all
water bodies on Earth. Phytoplankton consist largely of single- celled bacteria or
protists, although some are multi-celled.
Phytosociological refers the composition of plant communities and the system of
analyzing and classifying them according to their interactions.
Pixel The smallest element in a detector array, or the smallest spatially resolved
unit in a digital image. Sometimes used to refer to the ground sampling unit
(grain size) detected or represented in an image.
Pixel binning The process of combining the signal from multiple adjacent pixels
into a single signal. This is often done to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of a
sensor. Sometimes also called co-adding. Binning can be spatial (spatially adjacent pixels) or spectral (binning adjacent spectral bands).
Pixel shift Spatial displacement of image pixels; occurs when the location of a
pixel is spatially misregistered.
Planimetric related to geographic elements, maps, or images that are independent of elevation and that can be used to determine distances, areas, and angles
within a two-dimensional plane.
Plant area index similar to leaf area index but including both leafy and woody
(e.g., stem) components to express their combined area projected to a given
ground area.
Plant biodiversity The variation among plants, detected at any of a number of
levels (e.g., within plant species, between plant species, or between vegetation types).
Plant functional type A group of plant species that share critical functional traits
or trait values related to performance; they are expected to respond similarly to
environmental conditions and/or have similar effects on ecosystem processes.
Glossary
Phylogenetic overdispersion The tendency of distant relatives to occur together
in an area (or within a community) more often than expected by chance.
Phylogenetic signal The degree to which closely related organisms tend to
resemble each other. A high phylogenetic signal suggests that there is a strong
relationship between species’ traits values and their shared evolutionary history.
Phylogenetic species concept The concept of a species as a group of individuals
descended from a common ancestor that share a set of derived traits that define
the group.
Phylogenetic tree See phylogeny.
Phylogenetics Discipline that investigates the evolutionary relationships between
species, and the methods to uncover such relationships.
Phylogeny A history of shared ancestry between species, often depicted as a
branched tree. Each tip is typically a species and internal branching points represent speciation events. Also known as evolutionary tree, cladogram, or chronogram. Or (phylogenetic tree, evolutionary tree) a reconstruction of the estimated
evolutionary relationship between species.
Physiognomic related to external attributes (of plants) visible to a human
observer; related to the external appearance (phenotype) of plants or vegetation.
See also morphological.
Phytoplankton Microscopic, photosynthesizing organisms that inhabit almost all
water bodies on Earth. Phytoplankton consist largely of single- celled bacteria or
protists, although some are multi-celled.
Phytosociological refers the composition of plant communities and the system of
analyzing and classifying them according to their interactions.
Pixel The smallest element in a detector array, or the smallest spatially resolved
unit in a digital image. Sometimes used to refer to the ground sampling unit
(grain size) detected or represented in an image.
Pixel binning The process of combining the signal from multiple adjacent pixels
into a single signal. This is often done to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of a
sensor. Sometimes also called co-adding. Binning can be spatial (spatially adjacent pixels) or spectral (binning adjacent spectral bands).
Pixel shift Spatial displacement of image pixels; occurs when the location of a
pixel is spatially misregistered.
Planimetric related to geographic elements, maps, or images that are independent of elevation and that can be used to determine distances, areas, and angles
within a two-dimensional plane.
Plant area index similar to leaf area index but including both leafy and woody
(e.g., stem) components to express their combined area projected to a given
ground area.
Plant biodiversity The variation among plants, detected at any of a number of
levels (e.g., within plant species, between plant species, or between vegetation types).
Plant functional type A group of plant species that share critical functional traits
or trait values related to performance; they are expected to respond similarly to
environmental conditions and/or have similar effects on ecosystem processes.
Glossary