542
panchromatic bands of this size. Airplane and UAS-collected imagery at submeter scale are considered hyperspatial.
Image band refers to the range of wavelengths measured by a single sensor channel, often named according to the color or region of the EMR spectrum (e.g., red
or near IR) or by the wavelength(s) of the energy being recorded. Multispectral
data, including color digital photos, are made up of multiple image bands (also
called channels or layers).
Image campaign A remote sensing campaign for the acquisition of image data.
Imaging spectrometer A spectrometer that captures an image where each pixel
is a full spectrum covering many narrow adjacent spectral bands. “Pushbroom”
spectrometers consist of a two-dimensional array in which the x-dimension has
spatial pixels and the y-dimensions are co-registered wavelengths. A spatial
image is constructed through the forward movement of the spectrometer.
Imaging spectroscopy The acquisition and analysis of data from an imaging spectrometer, involving simultaneous acquisition of spatially co-registered
images in many spectrally contiguous bands, defined by their wavelength centroid and full width half maximum describing the spectral response centered on
that wavelength. Also known as hyperspectral remote sensing.
Immobilization The process by which microorganisms consume inorganic compounds, converting them to organic compounds, making them unavailable to
plants. Immobilization is the reverse of mineralization, but the two processes
occur contemporaneously.
Incumbents in the context of biodiversity, the resident organisms or species in a
system prior to colonization or invasion by new organisms or species.
Independent validation See model validation.
Index of refraction a value calculated by the speed of light in a vacuum relative
to the speed in a denser medium. The difference causes the light ray to bend
toward the denser medium. It is the real part of the complex refractive index, an
intrinsic property of the medium. The imaginary part describes the attenuation,
often called the extinction coefficient (absorption coefficient).
Individual tree crown (ITC) Delineation of individual tree crown polygons from
remote sensing data, typically provided by airborne laser scanning or high-resolution multispectral sensors.
Informatics The scientific discipline that involves studying and designing the
means of storage, transformation, and representation of large volumes of information of diverse types and provenance in computational systems.
Infrared (IR) Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than those of
visible light, i.e., from about 700 up to about 1050 nanometers (in the case of
near infrared), 700 to 2500 nanometers (in the case of shortwave infrared), and
from 3 microns to 1 mm (in the case of thermal infrared).
In situ of or relating to an actual location or habitat, for example, an intact leaf on
a plant or plants in their natural environment.
Intactness (of habitat) (i) The degree to which the condition of vegetation that
forms habitat has not changed beyond what is expected from natural processes
such as phenology and other dynamics, or (ii) the spatial pattern of a given habiGlossary
panchromatic bands of this size. Airplane and UAS-collected imagery at submeter scale are considered hyperspatial.
Image band refers to the range of wavelengths measured by a single sensor channel, often named according to the color or region of the EMR spectrum (e.g., red
or near IR) or by the wavelength(s) of the energy being recorded. Multispectral
data, including color digital photos, are made up of multiple image bands (also
called channels or layers).
Image campaign A remote sensing campaign for the acquisition of image data.
Imaging spectrometer A spectrometer that captures an image where each pixel
is a full spectrum covering many narrow adjacent spectral bands. “Pushbroom”
spectrometers consist of a two-dimensional array in which the x-dimension has
spatial pixels and the y-dimensions are co-registered wavelengths. A spatial
image is constructed through the forward movement of the spectrometer.
Imaging spectroscopy The acquisition and analysis of data from an imaging spectrometer, involving simultaneous acquisition of spatially co-registered
images in many spectrally contiguous bands, defined by their wavelength centroid and full width half maximum describing the spectral response centered on
that wavelength. Also known as hyperspectral remote sensing.
Immobilization The process by which microorganisms consume inorganic compounds, converting them to organic compounds, making them unavailable to
plants. Immobilization is the reverse of mineralization, but the two processes
occur contemporaneously.
Incumbents in the context of biodiversity, the resident organisms or species in a
system prior to colonization or invasion by new organisms or species.
Independent validation See model validation.
Index of refraction a value calculated by the speed of light in a vacuum relative
to the speed in a denser medium. The difference causes the light ray to bend
toward the denser medium. It is the real part of the complex refractive index, an
intrinsic property of the medium. The imaginary part describes the attenuation,
often called the extinction coefficient (absorption coefficient).
Individual tree crown (ITC) Delineation of individual tree crown polygons from
remote sensing data, typically provided by airborne laser scanning or high-resolution multispectral sensors.
Informatics The scientific discipline that involves studying and designing the
means of storage, transformation, and representation of large volumes of information of diverse types and provenance in computational systems.
Infrared (IR) Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than those of
visible light, i.e., from about 700 up to about 1050 nanometers (in the case of
near infrared), 700 to 2500 nanometers (in the case of shortwave infrared), and
from 3 microns to 1 mm (in the case of thermal infrared).
In situ of or relating to an actual location or habitat, for example, an intact leaf on
a plant or plants in their natural environment.
Intactness (of habitat) (i) The degree to which the condition of vegetation that
forms habitat has not changed beyond what is expected from natural processes
such as phenology and other dynamics, or (ii) the spatial pattern of a given habiGlossary