445
Malenovský Z, Bartholomeus HM, Acerbi-Junior FW, Schopfer JT, Painter TH, Epema GF, Bregt
AK (2007) Scaling dimensions in spectroscopy of soil and vegetation. Int J Appl Earth Obs
Geoinf 9:137–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2006.08.003
Malenovský Z et al. (2019) Variability and uncertainty challenges in upscaling imaging spectroscopy observations from leaves to vegetation canopies Surv Geophys 40:631–656
Moses WJ, Ackleson SG, Hair JW, Hostetler CA, Miller WD (2016) Spatial scales of optical variability in the coastal ocean: implications for remote sensing and in situ sampling. J Geophys
Res Oceans 121:4194–4208. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jc011767
Muller-Karger FE et al (2018) Satellite sensor requirements for monitoring essential biodiversity
variables of coastal ecosystems. Ecol Appl 28:749–760. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1682
Nagendra H, Lucas R, Honrado JP, Jongman RHG, Tarantino C, Adamo M, Mairota P (2013)
Remote sensing for conservation monitoring: assessing protected areas, habitat extent, habitat condition, species diversity, and threats. Ecol Indic 33:45–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ecolind.2012.09.014
O’Neill RV, Hunsaker CT, Timmins SP, Jackson BL, Jones KB, Riitters KH, Wickham JD (1996)
Scale problems in reporting landscape pattern at the regional scale. Landsc Ecol 11:169–180.
https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02447515
Oldeland J, Wesuls D, Rocchini D, Schmidt M, Jurgens N (2010) Does using species abundance
data improve estimates of species diversity from remotely sensed spectral heterogeneity? Ecol
Indic 10:390–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.07.012
Palmer MW, Wohlgemuth T, Earls PG, Arévalo JR, Thompson SD (2000) Opportunities for longterm ecological research at the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve, Oklahoma. In: Lajtha K, Vanderbilt
K (eds) Cooperation in long term ecological research in central and eastern Europe: proceedings of the ILTER Regional Workshop, Budapest, Hungary, 22–25 June 1999. Oregon State
University, Corvallis, pp 123–128
Palmer MW, Earls PG, Hoagland BW, White PS, Wohlgemuth T (2002) Quantitative tools for
perfecting species lists. Environmetrics 13:121–137. https://doi.org/10.1002/env.516
Paz-Kagan T, Caras T, Herrmann I, Shachak M, Karnieli A (2017) Multiscale mapping of species diversity under changed land use using imaging spectroscopy. Ecol Appl 27:1466–1484.
https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1540
Pereira HM et al (2013) Essential biodiversity variables. Science 339:277–278. https://doi.
org/10.1126/science.1229931
Psomas A, Kneubuhler M, Huber S, Itten K, Zimmermann NE (2011) Hyperspectral remote sensing for estimating aboveground biomass and for exploring species richness patterns of grassland habitats. Int J Remote Sens 32:9007–9031. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.5321
72
Rey-Benayas JM, Pope KO (1995) Landscape ecology and diversity patterns in the seasonal tropics from Landsat TM imagery. Ecol Appl 5:386–394. https://doi.org/10.2307/1942029
Rocchini D, McGlinn D, Ricotta C, Neteler M, Wohlgemuth T (2011) Landscape complexity and spatial scale influence the relationship between remotely sensed spectral diversity and survey-based plant species richness. J Vegetation Sci 22:688–698. https://doi.
org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2010.01250.x
Roth KL, Roberts DA, Dennison PE, Alonzo M, Peterson SH, Beland M (2015) Differentiating
plant species within and across diverse ecosystems with imaging spectroscopy. Remote Sens
Environ 167:135–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.05.007
Schaepman-Strub G, Schaepman ME, Painter TH, Dangel S, Martonchik JV (2006) Reflectance
quantities in optical remote sensing-definitions and case studies. Remote Sens Environ 103:27–
42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.03.002
Schäfer E, Heiskanen J, Heikinheimo V, Pellikka P (2016) Mapping tree species diversity of a
tropical montane forest by unsupervised clustering of airborne imaging spectroscopy data. Ecol
Indic 64:49–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.12.026
Scholes RJ et al (2012) Building a global observing system for biodiversity. Curr Opin Environ
Sustain 4:139–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2011.12.005
16 Consideration of Scale in Remote Sensing of Biodiversity
Malenovský Z, Bartholomeus HM, Acerbi-Junior FW, Schopfer JT, Painter TH, Epema GF, Bregt
AK (2007) Scaling dimensions in spectroscopy of soil and vegetation. Int J Appl Earth Obs
Geoinf 9:137–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2006.08.003
Malenovský Z et al. (2019) Variability and uncertainty challenges in upscaling imaging spectroscopy observations from leaves to vegetation canopies Surv Geophys 40:631–656
Moses WJ, Ackleson SG, Hair JW, Hostetler CA, Miller WD (2016) Spatial scales of optical variability in the coastal ocean: implications for remote sensing and in situ sampling. J Geophys
Res Oceans 121:4194–4208. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jc011767
Muller-Karger FE et al (2018) Satellite sensor requirements for monitoring essential biodiversity
variables of coastal ecosystems. Ecol Appl 28:749–760. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1682
Nagendra H, Lucas R, Honrado JP, Jongman RHG, Tarantino C, Adamo M, Mairota P (2013)
Remote sensing for conservation monitoring: assessing protected areas, habitat extent, habitat condition, species diversity, and threats. Ecol Indic 33:45–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ecolind.2012.09.014
O’Neill RV, Hunsaker CT, Timmins SP, Jackson BL, Jones KB, Riitters KH, Wickham JD (1996)
Scale problems in reporting landscape pattern at the regional scale. Landsc Ecol 11:169–180.
https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02447515
Oldeland J, Wesuls D, Rocchini D, Schmidt M, Jurgens N (2010) Does using species abundance
data improve estimates of species diversity from remotely sensed spectral heterogeneity? Ecol
Indic 10:390–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.07.012
Palmer MW, Wohlgemuth T, Earls PG, Arévalo JR, Thompson SD (2000) Opportunities for longterm ecological research at the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve, Oklahoma. In: Lajtha K, Vanderbilt
K (eds) Cooperation in long term ecological research in central and eastern Europe: proceedings of the ILTER Regional Workshop, Budapest, Hungary, 22–25 June 1999. Oregon State
University, Corvallis, pp 123–128
Palmer MW, Earls PG, Hoagland BW, White PS, Wohlgemuth T (2002) Quantitative tools for
perfecting species lists. Environmetrics 13:121–137. https://doi.org/10.1002/env.516
Paz-Kagan T, Caras T, Herrmann I, Shachak M, Karnieli A (2017) Multiscale mapping of species diversity under changed land use using imaging spectroscopy. Ecol Appl 27:1466–1484.
https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1540
Pereira HM et al (2013) Essential biodiversity variables. Science 339:277–278. https://doi.
org/10.1126/science.1229931
Psomas A, Kneubuhler M, Huber S, Itten K, Zimmermann NE (2011) Hyperspectral remote sensing for estimating aboveground biomass and for exploring species richness patterns of grassland habitats. Int J Remote Sens 32:9007–9031. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.5321
72
Rey-Benayas JM, Pope KO (1995) Landscape ecology and diversity patterns in the seasonal tropics from Landsat TM imagery. Ecol Appl 5:386–394. https://doi.org/10.2307/1942029
Rocchini D, McGlinn D, Ricotta C, Neteler M, Wohlgemuth T (2011) Landscape complexity and spatial scale influence the relationship between remotely sensed spectral diversity and survey-based plant species richness. J Vegetation Sci 22:688–698. https://doi.
org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2010.01250.x
Roth KL, Roberts DA, Dennison PE, Alonzo M, Peterson SH, Beland M (2015) Differentiating
plant species within and across diverse ecosystems with imaging spectroscopy. Remote Sens
Environ 167:135–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.05.007
Schaepman-Strub G, Schaepman ME, Painter TH, Dangel S, Martonchik JV (2006) Reflectance
quantities in optical remote sensing-definitions and case studies. Remote Sens Environ 103:27–
42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.03.002
Schäfer E, Heiskanen J, Heikinheimo V, Pellikka P (2016) Mapping tree species diversity of a
tropical montane forest by unsupervised clustering of airborne imaging spectroscopy data. Ecol
Indic 64:49–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.12.026
Scholes RJ et al (2012) Building a global observing system for biodiversity. Curr Opin Environ
Sustain 4:139–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2011.12.005
16 Consideration of Scale in Remote Sensing of Biodiversity