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Fig. 10.5 Conceptual diagram adapted from Violle et al. (2012) showing how spatially explicit
(i.e., local versus regional) filters influence the assembly of traits in an observed community (bottom schematic). The regional species pool (top schematic) contains all of the species capable of
seeding into the local community. However, the observed local community may only contain a
subset of the species in the regional pool after species have passed through a series of filters. Both
internal and external filters encompass different aspects of the stage, whereas internal filters may
also include the actors. Examples of external filters include broad-scale climate or soil types for
which some species may not have physiological tolerances. Internal filters include microenvironmental heterogeneity and/or biotic interactions. In this schematic, the traits that passed through the
external and internal filters partition in the observed local community, perhaps due to competitive
effects between species for resources
S. Record et al.