230
Table 10.1 Elements of geodiversity
Lithosphere
Geology
Minerals
Rocks
Unconsolidated solids
Fossils
Geomorphology
Tectonics
Soils
Soil chemical properties
Soil physical properties
Topography
Elevation
Landforms (e.g., ridges, spurs)
Slope
Aspect
Energy
Roughness
Atmosphere
Climate and weather
Temperature
Extreme events
Precipitation
Wind
Hydrosphere
Surface water
Groundwater
Cryosphere
Ice
Snow
Adapted from Serrano et al. (2009)
Table 10.2 Examples of remotely sensed geodiversity elements
Geosphere
Geodiversity
element
RS data set
Lithosphere Geology
Ground-penetrating radar (GPR)
Topography
Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection
Radiometer (ASTER)
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)
Sentinel-2
Atmosphere Surface
temperature
MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)
surface temperature
AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer)
surface temperature
Sentinel-3
Rainfall
Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM)
Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission
Wind direction
and speed
Quick Scatterometer (QuickSCAT)
Rapid Scatterometer (RapidScat)
Hydrosphere Soil moisture
ESA’s Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS)
NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) observatory
Gravity anomalies Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)
Cryosphere Ice sheet mass
balance
Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) sensor onboard
the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat)
S. Record et al.