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nitrogen cycling in temparate forest ecosystems. Nature 335:154–156
Williams LJ, Paquette A, Cavender-Bares J, Messier C, Reich PB (2017) Spatial complementarity
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plant genetic diversity for dependent animal communities. Ecol Lett 7:776–780
Wimp GM, Martinsen GD, Floate KD, Bangert RK, Whitham TG (2005) Plant genetic determinants of arthropod community structure and diversity. Evolution 59:61–69
Worrall JJ, Egeland L, Eager T, Mask RA, Johnson EW, Kemp PA, Shepperd WD (2008)
Rapid mortality of Populus tremuloides in southwestern Colorado, USA. For Ecol Manag
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Wright IJ, Reich PB, Westoby M, Ackerly DD, Baruch Z, Bongers F, Cavender- Bares J, Chapin
T, Cornelissen JHC, Diemer M, Flexas J, Garnier E, Groom PK, Gulias J, Hikosaka K,
Lamont BB, Lee T, Lee W, Lusk C, Midgley JJ, Navas M-L, Niinemets Ü, Oleksyn J, Osada N,
Poorter H, Poot P, Prior L, Pyankov VI, Roumet C, Thomas SC, Tjoelker MG, Veneklaas EJ,
Villar R (2004) The worldwide leaf economics spectrum. Nature 428:821–827
Wu T, Ayres E, Bardgett RD, Wall DH, Garey JR (2011) Molecular study of worldwide distribution
and diversity of soil animals. PNAS 108:17720–17725
M. Madritch et al.
Townsend PA, Serbin SP, Kruger EL, Gamon JA (2013) Disentangling the contribution of biological and physical properties of leaves and canopies in imaging spectroscopy data. Proc Natl
Acad Sci 110:E1074–E1074
Triebwasser DJ, Tharayil N, Preston CM, Gerard PD (2012) The susceptibility of soil enzymes to
inhibition by leaf litter tannins is dependent on the tannin chemistry, enzyme class and vegetation history. New Phytol 196:1122–1132
Ustin SL, Roberts DA, Gamon JA, Asner GP, Green RO (2004) Using imaging spectroscopy to
study ecosystem processes and properties. Bioscience 54:523
Vitousek P, Asner GP, Chadwick OA, Hotchkiss S (2009) Landscape-level variation in forest structure and biogeochemistry across a substrate age gradient in Hawaii. Ecology
90:3074–3086
Wang Z, Townsend PA, Schweiger AK, Couture JJ, Singh A, Hobbie SE, Cavender-Bares J (2019)
Mapping foliar functional traits and their uncertainties across three years in a grassland experiment. Remote Sens Environ 221:405–416
Wardle DA (1999) Is “sampling effect” a problem for experiments investigating biodiversityecosystem function relationships? Oikos 87:403–407
Wardle DA, Nicholson KS (1996) Synergistic effects of grassland plant species on soil microbial
biomass and activity: implications for ecosystem-level effects of enriched plant diversity. Funct
Ecol 10:410–416
Wardle DA, Bonner KI, Barker GM (2000) Stability of ecosystem properties in response to aboveground functional group richness and composition. Oikos 89:11–23
Wardle DA, Bardgett RD, Klironomos JN, Setälä H, van der Putten WH, Wall DH (2004)
Ecological linkages between aboveground and belowground biota. Science 304:1629–1633
Weisser WW, Roscher C, Meyer ST, Ebeling A, Luo G, Allan E, Beßler H, Barnard RL, Buchmann
N, Buscot F, Engels C, Fischer C, Fischer M, Gessler A, Gleixner G, Halle S, Hildebrandt A,
Hillebrand H, de Kroon H, Lange M, Leimer S, Le Roux X, Milcu A, Mommer L, Niklaus
PA, Oelmann Y, Proulx R, Roy J, Scherber C, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Scheu S, Tscharntke T,
Wachendorf M, Wagg C, Weigelt A, Wilcke W, Wirth C, Schulze E-D, Schmid B, Eisenhauer
N (2017) Biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning in a 15-year grassland experiment:
patterns, mechanisms, and open questions. Basic Appl Ecol 23:1–73
Wessman CA, Aber JD, Peterson DL, Melillo JM (1988) Remote sensing of canopy chemistry and
nitrogen cycling in temparate forest ecosystems. Nature 335:154–156
Williams LJ, Paquette A, Cavender-Bares J, Messier C, Reich PB (2017) Spatial complementarity
in tree crowns explains overyielding in species mixtures. Nat Ecol Evol 1:0063
Wimp GM, Young WP, Woolbright SA, Martinsen GD, Keim P, Whitham TG (2004) Conserving
plant genetic diversity for dependent animal communities. Ecol Lett 7:776–780
Wimp GM, Martinsen GD, Floate KD, Bangert RK, Whitham TG (2005) Plant genetic determinants of arthropod community structure and diversity. Evolution 59:61–69
Worrall JJ, Egeland L, Eager T, Mask RA, Johnson EW, Kemp PA, Shepperd WD (2008)
Rapid mortality of Populus tremuloides in southwestern Colorado, USA. For Ecol Manag
255:686–696
Wright IJ, Reich PB, Westoby M, Ackerly DD, Baruch Z, Bongers F, Cavender- Bares J, Chapin
T, Cornelissen JHC, Diemer M, Flexas J, Garnier E, Groom PK, Gulias J, Hikosaka K,
Lamont BB, Lee T, Lee W, Lusk C, Midgley JJ, Navas M-L, Niinemets Ü, Oleksyn J, Osada N,
Poorter H, Poot P, Prior L, Pyankov VI, Roumet C, Thomas SC, Tjoelker MG, Veneklaas EJ,
Villar R (2004) The worldwide leaf economics spectrum. Nature 428:821–827
Wu T, Ayres E, Bardgett RD, Wall DH, Garey JR (2011) Molecular study of worldwide distribution
and diversity of soil animals. PNAS 108:17720–17725
M. Madritch et al.