100
regions and biomes around the globe and with high spatial resolution (10–30 m)
using the newest- generation satellite data, such as Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8. In addition, the project shall suggest in a reference document how to describe RS-EBVs
and how they could be engineered and validated. We believe that the 3-D reconstruction and RT modeling approach highlighted in this chapter could be applied
across a global range of sites to fulfill this task.
Acknowledgments The contributions of F.M., F.D.S., and M.E.S. are supported by the University
of Zurich Research Priority Program on Global Change and Biodiversity, and the contribution of
D.K. was with support from the European Union’s 7th Framework Program (FP7/ 2014–2018)
under EUFAR2 contract no. 312609.
References
Asner GP, Warner AS (2003) Canopy shadow in ikonos satellite observations of tropical forests
and savannas of. Environment 87(4):521–533
Bar-On YM, Phillips R, Milo R (2018) The biomass distribution on earth. Proc Natl Acad Sci
115(25):6506
Chapin FS III, Zavaleta ES, Eviner VT, Naylor RL, Vitousek PM, Reynolds HL, Hooper DU,
Lavorel S, Sala OE, Hobbie SE, Mack MC, Dıaz S (2000) Consequences of changing biodiversity. Nature 405(6783):234–242
Chave J, Réjou-Méchain M, Burquez A, Chidumayo E, Colgan MS, Delitti WB, Duque A,
Eid T, Fearnside PM, Goodman RC, Henry M, Martínez‐Yrízar A, Mugasha WA, MullerLandau HC, Mencuccini M, Nelson BW, Ngomanda A, Nogueira EM, Ortiz-Malavassi
E, Pelissier R, Ploton P, Ryan CM, Saldarriaga JG, Vieilledent G (2014) Improved allometric models to estimate the aboveground biomass of tropical trees. Glob Chang Biol
20(10):3177–3190
Cote JF, Widlowski JL, Fournier RA, Verstraete MM (2009) The structural and radiative consistency of three-dimensional tree reconstructions from terrestrial lidar. Remote Sens Environ
113(5):1067–1081
Disney M, Lewis P, Saich P (2006) 3d modeling of forest canopy structure for remote sensing
simulations in the optical and microwave domains. Remote Sens Environ 100(1):114–132
Eugster W, Zeyer K, Zeeman M, Michna P, Zingg A, Buchmann N, Emmeneg- ger L (2007)
Nitrous oxide net exchange in a beech dominated mixed forest in Switzerland measured with a
quantum cascade laser spectrometer. Biogeosci Discuss 4:1167–1200
Feret JB, Francois C, Asner GP, Gitelson AA, Martin RE, Bidel LP, Ustin SL, le Maire G,
Jacquemoud S (2008) Prospect-4 and 5: advances in the leaf optical properties model separating photosynthetic pigments. Remote Sens Environ 112(6):3030–3043
Gardner T (2010) Monitoring forest biodiversity: improving conservation through ecologically
responsible management, vol 9781849775106. Earthscan, London
Gastellu-Etchegorry J, Zagolski F, Romier J (1996) A simple anisotropic reflectance model for
homogeneous multilayer canopies. Remote Sens Environ 57(1):22–38
Gastellu-Etchegorry JP, Yin T, Lauret N, Cajgfinger T, Gregoire T, Grau E, Feret JB, Lopes M,
Guilleux J, Dedieu G, Malenovský Z, Cook BD, Morton D, Rubio J, Durrieu S, Cazanave G,
Martin E, Ristorcelli T (2015) Discrete anisotropic radiative transfer (DART 5) for modeling
airborne and satellite spectroradiometer and lidar acquisitions of natural and urban landscapes.
Remote Sens 7(2):1667–1701
Grau E, Gastellu-Etchegorry JP (2013) Radiative transfer modeling in the earth-atmosphere
system with {DART} model. Remote Sens Environ 139:149–170
F. Morsdorf et al.
regions and biomes around the globe and with high spatial resolution (10–30 m)
using the newest- generation satellite data, such as Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8. In addition, the project shall suggest in a reference document how to describe RS-EBVs
and how they could be engineered and validated. We believe that the 3-D reconstruction and RT modeling approach highlighted in this chapter could be applied
across a global range of sites to fulfill this task.
Acknowledgments The contributions of F.M., F.D.S., and M.E.S. are supported by the University
of Zurich Research Priority Program on Global Change and Biodiversity, and the contribution of
D.K. was with support from the European Union’s 7th Framework Program (FP7/ 2014–2018)
under EUFAR2 contract no. 312609.
References
Asner GP, Warner AS (2003) Canopy shadow in ikonos satellite observations of tropical forests
and savannas of. Environment 87(4):521–533
Bar-On YM, Phillips R, Milo R (2018) The biomass distribution on earth. Proc Natl Acad Sci
115(25):6506
Chapin FS III, Zavaleta ES, Eviner VT, Naylor RL, Vitousek PM, Reynolds HL, Hooper DU,
Lavorel S, Sala OE, Hobbie SE, Mack MC, Dıaz S (2000) Consequences of changing biodiversity. Nature 405(6783):234–242
Chave J, Réjou-Méchain M, Burquez A, Chidumayo E, Colgan MS, Delitti WB, Duque A,
Eid T, Fearnside PM, Goodman RC, Henry M, Martínez‐Yrízar A, Mugasha WA, MullerLandau HC, Mencuccini M, Nelson BW, Ngomanda A, Nogueira EM, Ortiz-Malavassi
E, Pelissier R, Ploton P, Ryan CM, Saldarriaga JG, Vieilledent G (2014) Improved allometric models to estimate the aboveground biomass of tropical trees. Glob Chang Biol
20(10):3177–3190
Cote JF, Widlowski JL, Fournier RA, Verstraete MM (2009) The structural and radiative consistency of three-dimensional tree reconstructions from terrestrial lidar. Remote Sens Environ
113(5):1067–1081
Disney M, Lewis P, Saich P (2006) 3d modeling of forest canopy structure for remote sensing
simulations in the optical and microwave domains. Remote Sens Environ 100(1):114–132
Eugster W, Zeyer K, Zeeman M, Michna P, Zingg A, Buchmann N, Emmeneg- ger L (2007)
Nitrous oxide net exchange in a beech dominated mixed forest in Switzerland measured with a
quantum cascade laser spectrometer. Biogeosci Discuss 4:1167–1200
Feret JB, Francois C, Asner GP, Gitelson AA, Martin RE, Bidel LP, Ustin SL, le Maire G,
Jacquemoud S (2008) Prospect-4 and 5: advances in the leaf optical properties model separating photosynthetic pigments. Remote Sens Environ 112(6):3030–3043
Gardner T (2010) Monitoring forest biodiversity: improving conservation through ecologically
responsible management, vol 9781849775106. Earthscan, London
Gastellu-Etchegorry J, Zagolski F, Romier J (1996) A simple anisotropic reflectance model for
homogeneous multilayer canopies. Remote Sens Environ 57(1):22–38
Gastellu-Etchegorry JP, Yin T, Lauret N, Cajgfinger T, Gregoire T, Grau E, Feret JB, Lopes M,
Guilleux J, Dedieu G, Malenovský Z, Cook BD, Morton D, Rubio J, Durrieu S, Cazanave G,
Martin E, Ristorcelli T (2015) Discrete anisotropic radiative transfer (DART 5) for modeling
airborne and satellite spectroradiometer and lidar acquisitions of natural and urban landscapes.
Remote Sens 7(2):1667–1701
Grau E, Gastellu-Etchegorry JP (2013) Radiative transfer modeling in the earth-atmosphere
system with {DART} model. Remote Sens Environ 139:149–170
F. Morsdorf et al.