158
M. Koeny
Table 9.3 Correlation of ANIs and SSI with heart rate changes
Correlation
Heart rate
Change
ANI-ECG
ANI-PPG
SSI
Change
Correlation
1
0.09
−0.63
0.112
Significance
0.927
0.511
0.238
N
113
113
111
113
ANI-ECG
Correlation
0.009
1
0.894
−0.168
Significance
0.927
0.000
0.075
N
113
113
111
113
ANI-PPG
Correlation
−0.063
0.894
1
−0.237
Significance
0.511
0.000
0.012
N
111
111
111
111
SSI
Correlation
0.112
−0.168
−0.237
1
Significance
0.238
0.075
0.012
N
113
113
111
113
Fig. 9.6 Example sequence of SSI in context of surgical events and applied drugs
9.5 Postoperative Versus Intraoperative Assessment of Pain
As already mentioned, in recovery room and postoperative care stations, pain therapy
is very important for a fast convalescence of the patient. Therefore, ANI and SSI were
evaluated in a recovery room study and different laboratory experiments.
Contrary to studies in the operating room, where patients were under general
anesthesia, patients can be asked for a pain score in recovery room. As gold standard,
VAS score is used, which represents a scale between 0 and 10, related to pain intensity.
Analgesia indices can now be compared with the patient’s subjective pain sensation.
However, the SSI is not analyzed as it is not standardized for awake subjects.
Correlation analysis of patients in the recovery room between VAS score and
ANI showed low correlation (<0.5). Is the ANI not usable for pain assessment in
postoperative care? To answer this question, it is better to study the influence of
stress.
M. Koeny
Table 9.3 Correlation of ANIs and SSI with heart rate changes
Correlation
Heart rate
Change
ANI-ECG
ANI-PPG
SSI
Change
Correlation
1
0.09
−0.63
0.112
Significance
0.927
0.511
0.238
N
113
113
111
113
ANI-ECG
Correlation
0.009
1
0.894
−0.168
Significance
0.927
0.000
0.075
N
113
113
111
113
ANI-PPG
Correlation
−0.063
0.894
1
−0.237
Significance
0.511
0.000
0.012
N
111
111
111
111
SSI
Correlation
0.112
−0.168
−0.237
1
Significance
0.238
0.075
0.012
N
113
113
111
113
Fig. 9.6 Example sequence of SSI in context of surgical events and applied drugs
9.5 Postoperative Versus Intraoperative Assessment of Pain
As already mentioned, in recovery room and postoperative care stations, pain therapy
is very important for a fast convalescence of the patient. Therefore, ANI and SSI were
evaluated in a recovery room study and different laboratory experiments.
Contrary to studies in the operating room, where patients were under general
anesthesia, patients can be asked for a pain score in recovery room. As gold standard,
VAS score is used, which represents a scale between 0 and 10, related to pain intensity.
Analgesia indices can now be compared with the patient’s subjective pain sensation.
However, the SSI is not analyzed as it is not standardized for awake subjects.
Correlation analysis of patients in the recovery room between VAS score and
ANI showed low correlation (<0.5). Is the ANI not usable for pain assessment in
postoperative care? To answer this question, it is better to study the influence of
stress.