Daubs EH (1962) A monograph of Lemnaceae. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
de Vries J, Archibald JM (2018) Plant evolution:
landmarks on the path to terrestrial life. New Phytol.
https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14975
Engler A (1876) Vergleichende Untersuchungen über die
morphologischen Verhältnisse der Araceae, vol 39.
vol 3. Druck von E. Blochmann & Sohn für die
Akademie in Commission bei Wilh. Engelmann in
Leipzig
Engler A (1889) Lemnaceae In: Engler A, Prantl K
(eds) Die Natürlichen Pflanzen Familien. pp 154–164
Geber G (1989) Zur Karyosystematik der Lemnaceae.
University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Gray SF (1821) A natural arrangement of British plants
Gregory TR (2005) The evolution of the genome.
Academic Press, Burlington. https://doi.org/10.1016/
B978-0-12-301463-4.X5000-1
Hegelmaier F (1868) Die Lemnaceen: eine monographische Untersuchung. Engelmann
Hegelmaier F (1895) Systematische übersicht der
Lemnaceen
Henriquez CL, Arias T, Pires JC, Croat TB, Schaal BA
(2014) Phylogenomics of the plant family Araceae.
Mol Phylogenet Evol 75:91–102. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.ympev.2014.02.017
Ho EKH, Bartkowska M, Wright SI, Agrawal AF (2019)
Population genomics of the facultatively asexual
duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza. New Phytol. https://
doi.org/10.1111/nph.16056
Hu TT, Pattyn P, Bakker EG, Cao J, Cheng JF, Clark RM,
Fahlgren N, Fawcett JA, Grimwood J, Gundlach H,
Haberer G, Hollister JD, Ossowski S, Ottilar RP,
Salamov AA, Schneeberger K, Spannagl M, Wang X,
Yang L, Nasrallah ME, Bergelson J, Carrington JC,
Gaut BS, Schmutz J, Mayer KF, Van de Peer Y,
Grigoriev IV, Nordborg M, Weigel D, Guo YL (2011)
The Arabidopsis lyrata genome sequence and the
basis of rapid genome size change. Nat Genet 43
(5):476–481. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.807
Kihara H (1947) Ancestors of common wheat. Tokyo:
Sogensha Tokyo (in Japanese) Cited by Kimura M,
Ohta T On some principles governing molecular
evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71:2848–2852
Landolt E (1986) The family of Lemnaceae—a monographic study, vol 1. Veroffentlichungen des Geobotanischen Institutes der Eidgenossischen Technischen
Hochschule, Stiftung Rubel, Zurich
Landolt E (1992) Wolffiella caudata, a new Lemnaceae
species from the Bolivian Amazon region. Berichte
des Geobotanischen Institutes der Eidgenössischen
Technischen Hochschule Stiftung Ruebel 58:121–123
Landolt E (1994) Taxonomy and ecology of the section
Wolffia of the genus Wolffia (Lemnaceae). Ber Geobot
Inst ETH, Stiftung Rübel, Zürich 60:137–151
Landolt E (1998a) Lemna yungensis, a new duckweed
species from rocks of the Andean Yungas in Bolivia.
Bull Geobot Inst ETH 64:15–21
Landolt E (1998b) Lemnaceae. In: Flowering plants
monocotyledons. Springer, pp 264–270
Landolt E, Kandeler R (1987) Biosystematic investigations in the family of duckweeds (Lemnaceae), vol 4:
The family of Lemnaceae-a monographic study, vol 2
(phytochemistry, physiology, application, bibliography). Veroeffentlichungen des Geobotanischen Instituts der ETH, Stiftung Ruebel (Switzerland)
Michael TP, Bryant D, Gutierrez R, Borisjuk N, Chu P,
Zhang H, Xia J, Zhou J, Peng H, El Baidouri M, Ten
Hallers B, Hastie AR, Liang T, Acosta K, Gilbert S,
McEntee C, Jackson SA, Mockler TC, Zhang W,
Lam E (2017) Comprehensive definition of genome
features in Spirodela polyrhiza by high-depth physical
mapping and short-read DNA sequencing strategies.
Plant J 89(3):617–635. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.
13400
Nauheimer L, Metzler D, Renner SS (2012) Global
history of the ancient monocot family Araceae inferred
with models accounting for past continental positions
and previous ranges based on fossils. New Phytol 195
(4):938–950.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.
2012.04220.x
Olsen JL, Rouze P, Verhelst B, Lin YC, Bayer T,
Collen J, Dattolo E, De Paoli E, Dittami S, Maumus F,
Michel G, Kersting A, Lauritano C, Lohaus R,
Topel M, Tonon T, Vanneste K, Amirebrahimi M,
Brakel J, Bostrom C, Chovatia M, Grimwood J,
Jenkins JW, Jueterbock A, Mraz A, Stam WT, Tice H,
Bornberg-Bauer E, Green PJ, Pearson GA, Procaccini G, Duarte CM, Schmutz J, Reusch TB, Van de
Peer Y (2016) The genome of the seagrass Zostera
marina reveals angiosperm adaptation to the sea.
Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16548
Schubert I, Vu GT (2016) Genome stability and evolution: Attempting a holistic view. Trends Plant Sci 21
(9):749–757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2016.06.
003
Sree KS, Bog M, Appenroth KJ (2016) Taxonomy of
duckweeds (Lemnaceae), potential new crop plants.
Emir J Food Agr 28(5):291–302. https://doi.org/10.
9755/ejfa.2016-01-038
The Arabidopsis Genome Initiative (2000) Analysis of the
genome sequence of the flowering plant Arabidopsis
thaliana. Nature 408(6814):796–815. https://doi.org/
10.1038/35048692
Urbanska-Worytkiewicz K (1980) Cytological variation
within the family of Lemnaceae. In: Landolt E
(ed) Biosystematic investigations in the family duckweeds (Lemnaceae), vol 70. Veroff. Geobot. Inst.
ETH, Stiftung Rubel, Zürich, pp 30–101
Van Hoeck A, Horemans N, Monsieurs P, Cao HX,
Vandenhove H, Blust R (2015) The first draft genome
of the aquatic model plant Lemna minor opens the
route for future stress physiology research and
biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Biofuels 8
(1):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-015-0381-1
Wang W, Haberer G, Gundlach H, Glasser C, Nussbaumer T, Luo MC, Lomsadze A, Borodovsky M,
Kerstetter RA, Shanklin J, Byrant DW, Mockler TC,
Appenroth KJ, Grimwood J, Jenkins J, Chow J,
Choi C, Adam C, Cao XH, Fuchs J, Schubert I,
56
X. H. Cao and G. T. H. Vu
de Vries J, Archibald JM (2018) Plant evolution:
landmarks on the path to terrestrial life. New Phytol.
https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14975
Engler A (1876) Vergleichende Untersuchungen über die
morphologischen Verhältnisse der Araceae, vol 39.
vol 3. Druck von E. Blochmann & Sohn für die
Akademie in Commission bei Wilh. Engelmann in
Leipzig
Engler A (1889) Lemnaceae In: Engler A, Prantl K
(eds) Die Natürlichen Pflanzen Familien. pp 154–164
Geber G (1989) Zur Karyosystematik der Lemnaceae.
University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Gray SF (1821) A natural arrangement of British plants
Gregory TR (2005) The evolution of the genome.
Academic Press, Burlington. https://doi.org/10.1016/
B978-0-12-301463-4.X5000-1
Hegelmaier F (1868) Die Lemnaceen: eine monographische Untersuchung. Engelmann
Hegelmaier F (1895) Systematische übersicht der
Lemnaceen
Henriquez CL, Arias T, Pires JC, Croat TB, Schaal BA
(2014) Phylogenomics of the plant family Araceae.
Mol Phylogenet Evol 75:91–102. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.ympev.2014.02.017
Ho EKH, Bartkowska M, Wright SI, Agrawal AF (2019)
Population genomics of the facultatively asexual
duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza. New Phytol. https://
doi.org/10.1111/nph.16056
Hu TT, Pattyn P, Bakker EG, Cao J, Cheng JF, Clark RM,
Fahlgren N, Fawcett JA, Grimwood J, Gundlach H,
Haberer G, Hollister JD, Ossowski S, Ottilar RP,
Salamov AA, Schneeberger K, Spannagl M, Wang X,
Yang L, Nasrallah ME, Bergelson J, Carrington JC,
Gaut BS, Schmutz J, Mayer KF, Van de Peer Y,
Grigoriev IV, Nordborg M, Weigel D, Guo YL (2011)
The Arabidopsis lyrata genome sequence and the
basis of rapid genome size change. Nat Genet 43
(5):476–481. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.807
Kihara H (1947) Ancestors of common wheat. Tokyo:
Sogensha Tokyo (in Japanese) Cited by Kimura M,
Ohta T On some principles governing molecular
evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71:2848–2852
Landolt E (1986) The family of Lemnaceae—a monographic study, vol 1. Veroffentlichungen des Geobotanischen Institutes der Eidgenossischen Technischen
Hochschule, Stiftung Rubel, Zurich
Landolt E (1992) Wolffiella caudata, a new Lemnaceae
species from the Bolivian Amazon region. Berichte
des Geobotanischen Institutes der Eidgenössischen
Technischen Hochschule Stiftung Ruebel 58:121–123
Landolt E (1994) Taxonomy and ecology of the section
Wolffia of the genus Wolffia (Lemnaceae). Ber Geobot
Inst ETH, Stiftung Rübel, Zürich 60:137–151
Landolt E (1998a) Lemna yungensis, a new duckweed
species from rocks of the Andean Yungas in Bolivia.
Bull Geobot Inst ETH 64:15–21
Landolt E (1998b) Lemnaceae. In: Flowering plants
monocotyledons. Springer, pp 264–270
Landolt E, Kandeler R (1987) Biosystematic investigations in the family of duckweeds (Lemnaceae), vol 4:
The family of Lemnaceae-a monographic study, vol 2
(phytochemistry, physiology, application, bibliography). Veroeffentlichungen des Geobotanischen Instituts der ETH, Stiftung Ruebel (Switzerland)
Michael TP, Bryant D, Gutierrez R, Borisjuk N, Chu P,
Zhang H, Xia J, Zhou J, Peng H, El Baidouri M, Ten
Hallers B, Hastie AR, Liang T, Acosta K, Gilbert S,
McEntee C, Jackson SA, Mockler TC, Zhang W,
Lam E (2017) Comprehensive definition of genome
features in Spirodela polyrhiza by high-depth physical
mapping and short-read DNA sequencing strategies.
Plant J 89(3):617–635. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.
13400
Nauheimer L, Metzler D, Renner SS (2012) Global
history of the ancient monocot family Araceae inferred
with models accounting for past continental positions
and previous ranges based on fossils. New Phytol 195
(4):938–950.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.
2012.04220.x
Olsen JL, Rouze P, Verhelst B, Lin YC, Bayer T,
Collen J, Dattolo E, De Paoli E, Dittami S, Maumus F,
Michel G, Kersting A, Lauritano C, Lohaus R,
Topel M, Tonon T, Vanneste K, Amirebrahimi M,
Brakel J, Bostrom C, Chovatia M, Grimwood J,
Jenkins JW, Jueterbock A, Mraz A, Stam WT, Tice H,
Bornberg-Bauer E, Green PJ, Pearson GA, Procaccini G, Duarte CM, Schmutz J, Reusch TB, Van de
Peer Y (2016) The genome of the seagrass Zostera
marina reveals angiosperm adaptation to the sea.
Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16548
Schubert I, Vu GT (2016) Genome stability and evolution: Attempting a holistic view. Trends Plant Sci 21
(9):749–757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2016.06.
003
Sree KS, Bog M, Appenroth KJ (2016) Taxonomy of
duckweeds (Lemnaceae), potential new crop plants.
Emir J Food Agr 28(5):291–302. https://doi.org/10.
9755/ejfa.2016-01-038
The Arabidopsis Genome Initiative (2000) Analysis of the
genome sequence of the flowering plant Arabidopsis
thaliana. Nature 408(6814):796–815. https://doi.org/
10.1038/35048692
Urbanska-Worytkiewicz K (1980) Cytological variation
within the family of Lemnaceae. In: Landolt E
(ed) Biosystematic investigations in the family duckweeds (Lemnaceae), vol 70. Veroff. Geobot. Inst.
ETH, Stiftung Rubel, Zürich, pp 30–101
Van Hoeck A, Horemans N, Monsieurs P, Cao HX,
Vandenhove H, Blust R (2015) The first draft genome
of the aquatic model plant Lemna minor opens the
route for future stress physiology research and
biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Biofuels 8
(1):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-015-0381-1
Wang W, Haberer G, Gundlach H, Glasser C, Nussbaumer T, Luo MC, Lomsadze A, Borodovsky M,
Kerstetter RA, Shanklin J, Byrant DW, Mockler TC,
Appenroth KJ, Grimwood J, Jenkins J, Chow J,
Choi C, Adam C, Cao XH, Fuchs J, Schubert I,
56
X. H. Cao and G. T. H. Vu