pharmaceuticals: a case study, aprotinin. Transgenic
Res 17(4):503–513
Rybicki EP (2010) Plant-made vaccines for humans and
animals. Plant Biotechnol J 8:620–637
Sahrawat AK, Becker D, Lütticke S, Lörz H (2003)
Genetic improvement of wheat via alien gene transfer,
an assessment. Plant Sci 165(5):1147–1168
Sharma AK, Sharma MK (2009) Plants as bioreactors:
recent developments and emerging opportunities.
Biotechnol Adv 27(6):811
Shrawat AK, Horst Lörz H (2006) Agrobacterium-mediated
transformation of cereals: a promising approach crossing
barriers. Plant Biotechnol J 4:575–603
Stefaniak B, Woźny A, Budna I (2002) Callus induction
and plant regeneration in Lemna minor L. Biol Plant
45(3):469–472
Sun Y, Cheng JJ, Himmel ME, Skory CD, Adney WS,
Thomas SR et al (2007) Expression and characterization of Acidothermus cellulolyticus E1 endoglucanase
in transgenic duckweed Lemna minor 8627. Biores
Technol 98(15):2866–2872
Swarnapiria R (2009) Genetic transformation in ornamentals—a review. Agric Rev 30(2):120–131
Teles CC, Mohedano RA, Tonon G, Filho PB, Rhr C
(2017) Ecology of duckweed ponds used for nutrient
recovery from wastewater. Water Sci Technol 75
(12):2926–2934
Thu PTL, Huong PT, Tien VV, Le HH, Khanh TD (2015)
Regeneration and transformation of gene encoding the
hemagglutinin antigen of the h5n1 virus in frond of
duckweed (Spirodela polyrhizaL.). J Agric Stud 3(1):48
Tiwari S, Verma PC, Singh PK, Tuli R (2009) Plants as
bioreactors for the production of vaccine antigens.
Biotechnol Adv 27:449–467
Tremblay R, Wang D, Jevnikar AM, Ma S (2010)
Tobacco, a highly efficient green bioreactor for
production of therapeutic proteins. Biotechnol Adv
28:214–221
Tsvetkov I, Tsolova V, Atanassov A (1997) Genetic
transformation of grape (review). Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip 11(1–2):23–28
Van HA, Horemans N, Monsieurs P, Cao HX, Vandenhove H, Blust R (2015) The first draft genome of the
aquatic model plant Lemna minor opens the route for
future stress physiology research and biotechnological
applications. Biotechnol Biofuels 8:188
Vunsh R, Li J, Hanania U, Edelman M, Flaishman M,
Perl A et al (2007) High expression of transgene
protein in Spirodela. Plant Cell Rep 26(9):1511–1519
Wang Y (2016) Callus induction and frond regeneration
in Spirodela polyrhiza. Czech J Genet Plant Breed 52
(3):114–119
Wang W, Messing J (2015) Status of duckweed genomics
and transcriptomics. Plant Biol 17(Suppl 1 s1):10
Wang W, Haberer G, Gundlach H, Gläßer C, Nussbaumer T, Luo MC, Lomsadze A, Borodovsky M,
Kerstetter RA, Shanklin J et al (2011a) The Spirodela
polyrhiza genome reveals insights into its neotenous
reduction fast growth and aquatic lifestyle. Nat
Commun 5:3311
Wang W, Kerstetter RA, Michael TP (2011b) Evolution
of genome size in duckweeds (Lemnaceae). J Botany
2011:9
Werr W, Lörz H (1986) Transient gene expression in a
gramineae cell line. Mol Gen Genet MGG 202
(3):471–475
White SL, Wise RR (1998) Anatomy and ultrastructure of
Wolffia columbiana and Wolffia borealis, two nonvascular aquatic angiosperms. Int J Plant Sci 159
(2):297–304
Xu JL, Cheng JJ, Stomp AM (2012) Growing Spirodela
polyrhiza in swine wastewater for the production of
animal feed and fuel ethanol: a pilot study. Clean-Soil
Air Water 40(7):760–765
Yamamoto YT, Rajbhandari N, Lin X, Bergmann BA,
Nishimura Y, Stomp AM (2001) Genetic transformation of duckweed Lemna gibba, and Lemna minor.
Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 37(3):349–353
Yang L, Han H, Liu M, Zuo Z, Zhou K, Lü J et al (2013)
Overexpression of the Arabidopsis, photorespiratory
pathway gene, serine: glyoxylate aminotransferase
(AtAGT1), leads to salt stress tolerance in transgenic
duckweed (Lemna minor). Plant Cell Tissue Organ
Cult 113(3):407–416
Zhao H, Appenroth K, Landesman L, Salmean AA,
Lam E (2012) Duckweed rising at Chengdu: summary
of the 1st international conference on duckweed
application and research. Plant Mol Biol 78:627–632
Ziegelhoffer T, Raasch JA, Austin-Phillips S (2001)
Dramatic effects of truncation and sub-cellular targeting on the accumulation of recombinant microbial
cellulase in tobacco. Mol Breed 8(2):147–158
Ziegler P, Adelmann K, Zimmer S, Schmidt C, Appenroth KJ (2015) Relative in vitro growth rates of
duckweeds (Lemnaceae)—the most rapidly growing
higher plants. Plant Biol 17(Suppl 1 s1):33–41
15 Transformation Development in Duckweeds
155
Res 17(4):503–513
Rybicki EP (2010) Plant-made vaccines for humans and
animals. Plant Biotechnol J 8:620–637
Sahrawat AK, Becker D, Lütticke S, Lörz H (2003)
Genetic improvement of wheat via alien gene transfer,
an assessment. Plant Sci 165(5):1147–1168
Sharma AK, Sharma MK (2009) Plants as bioreactors:
recent developments and emerging opportunities.
Biotechnol Adv 27(6):811
Shrawat AK, Horst Lörz H (2006) Agrobacterium-mediated
transformation of cereals: a promising approach crossing
barriers. Plant Biotechnol J 4:575–603
Stefaniak B, Woźny A, Budna I (2002) Callus induction
and plant regeneration in Lemna minor L. Biol Plant
45(3):469–472
Sun Y, Cheng JJ, Himmel ME, Skory CD, Adney WS,
Thomas SR et al (2007) Expression and characterization of Acidothermus cellulolyticus E1 endoglucanase
in transgenic duckweed Lemna minor 8627. Biores
Technol 98(15):2866–2872
Swarnapiria R (2009) Genetic transformation in ornamentals—a review. Agric Rev 30(2):120–131
Teles CC, Mohedano RA, Tonon G, Filho PB, Rhr C
(2017) Ecology of duckweed ponds used for nutrient
recovery from wastewater. Water Sci Technol 75
(12):2926–2934
Thu PTL, Huong PT, Tien VV, Le HH, Khanh TD (2015)
Regeneration and transformation of gene encoding the
hemagglutinin antigen of the h5n1 virus in frond of
duckweed (Spirodela polyrhizaL.). J Agric Stud 3(1):48
Tiwari S, Verma PC, Singh PK, Tuli R (2009) Plants as
bioreactors for the production of vaccine antigens.
Biotechnol Adv 27:449–467
Tremblay R, Wang D, Jevnikar AM, Ma S (2010)
Tobacco, a highly efficient green bioreactor for
production of therapeutic proteins. Biotechnol Adv
28:214–221
Tsvetkov I, Tsolova V, Atanassov A (1997) Genetic
transformation of grape (review). Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip 11(1–2):23–28
Van HA, Horemans N, Monsieurs P, Cao HX, Vandenhove H, Blust R (2015) The first draft genome of the
aquatic model plant Lemna minor opens the route for
future stress physiology research and biotechnological
applications. Biotechnol Biofuels 8:188
Vunsh R, Li J, Hanania U, Edelman M, Flaishman M,
Perl A et al (2007) High expression of transgene
protein in Spirodela. Plant Cell Rep 26(9):1511–1519
Wang Y (2016) Callus induction and frond regeneration
in Spirodela polyrhiza. Czech J Genet Plant Breed 52
(3):114–119
Wang W, Messing J (2015) Status of duckweed genomics
and transcriptomics. Plant Biol 17(Suppl 1 s1):10
Wang W, Haberer G, Gundlach H, Gläßer C, Nussbaumer T, Luo MC, Lomsadze A, Borodovsky M,
Kerstetter RA, Shanklin J et al (2011a) The Spirodela
polyrhiza genome reveals insights into its neotenous
reduction fast growth and aquatic lifestyle. Nat
Commun 5:3311
Wang W, Kerstetter RA, Michael TP (2011b) Evolution
of genome size in duckweeds (Lemnaceae). J Botany
2011:9
Werr W, Lörz H (1986) Transient gene expression in a
gramineae cell line. Mol Gen Genet MGG 202
(3):471–475
White SL, Wise RR (1998) Anatomy and ultrastructure of
Wolffia columbiana and Wolffia borealis, two nonvascular aquatic angiosperms. Int J Plant Sci 159
(2):297–304
Xu JL, Cheng JJ, Stomp AM (2012) Growing Spirodela
polyrhiza in swine wastewater for the production of
animal feed and fuel ethanol: a pilot study. Clean-Soil
Air Water 40(7):760–765
Yamamoto YT, Rajbhandari N, Lin X, Bergmann BA,
Nishimura Y, Stomp AM (2001) Genetic transformation of duckweed Lemna gibba, and Lemna minor.
Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 37(3):349–353
Yang L, Han H, Liu M, Zuo Z, Zhou K, Lü J et al (2013)
Overexpression of the Arabidopsis, photorespiratory
pathway gene, serine: glyoxylate aminotransferase
(AtAGT1), leads to salt stress tolerance in transgenic
duckweed (Lemna minor). Plant Cell Tissue Organ
Cult 113(3):407–416
Zhao H, Appenroth K, Landesman L, Salmean AA,
Lam E (2012) Duckweed rising at Chengdu: summary
of the 1st international conference on duckweed
application and research. Plant Mol Biol 78:627–632
Ziegelhoffer T, Raasch JA, Austin-Phillips S (2001)
Dramatic effects of truncation and sub-cellular targeting on the accumulation of recombinant microbial
cellulase in tobacco. Mol Breed 8(2):147–158
Ziegler P, Adelmann K, Zimmer S, Schmidt C, Appenroth KJ (2015) Relative in vitro growth rates of
duckweeds (Lemnaceae)—the most rapidly growing
higher plants. Plant Biol 17(Suppl 1 s1):33–41
15 Transformation Development in Duckweeds
155