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the rapid growth, nutritional value, and high biomass
productivity of these floating plants suggest their use
in water treatment, as feed crops, and in energyefficient farming. Am Sci 66(4):442–451
Huang M, Fang Y, Xiao Y et al (2014) Proteomic analysis
to investigate the high starch accumulation of duckweed (Landoltia punctata) under nutrient starvation.
Ind Crops Prod 59:299–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
indcrop.2014.05.029
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analysis to investigate uniconazole-induced phytohormone variation and starch accumulation in duckweed
(Landoltia punctata). BMC Biotechnol 15:81. https://
doi.org/10.1186/s12896-015-0198-9
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endogenous hormone biosynthesis. Biotechnol Biofuels 8:57. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-015-0246-7
Liu Y, Fang Y, Huang M et al (2015b) Uniconazoleinduced starch accumulation in the bioenergy crop
duckweed (Landoltia punctata) II: transcriptome
alterations of pathways involved in carbohydrate
metabolism and endogenous hormone crosstalk.
Biotechnol Biofuels 8:64. https://doi.org/10.1186/
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transcriptome analysis to investigate the high starch
accumulation of duckweed (Landoltia punctata) under
nutrient starvation. Biotechnol Biofuels 6(1):72
Tao X, Fang Y, Huang MJ et al (2017) High flavonoid
accompanied with high starch accumulation triggered
by nutrient starvation in bioenergy crop duckweed
(Landoltia punctata). BMC Genom 18(1):166. https://
doi.org/10.1186/s12864-017-3559-z
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colorful model for genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, and biotechnology. Plant Physiol 126(2):
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Zhao H, Appenroth K, Landesman L et al (2012)
Duckweed rising at Chengdu: summary of the 1st
international conference on duckweed application and
research. Plant Mol Biol 78(6):627–632. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s11103-012-9889-y
Zhao Y, Fang Y, Jin Y et al (2014) Potential of duckweed
in the conversion of wastewater nutrients to valuable
biomass: a pilot-scale comparison with water hyacinth. Bioresour Technol 163:82–91. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.biortech.2014.04.018
14 Proteomics in Duckweeds
141
Nature 227(5258):561–563
Cui W, Xi J, Cheng JJ et al (2011) Starch accumulation in
duckweed for bioethanol production. Biol Eng 3(4):
187–197
Hillman WS, Culley DD (1978) The uses of duckweed:
the rapid growth, nutritional value, and high biomass
productivity of these floating plants suggest their use
in water treatment, as feed crops, and in energyefficient farming. Am Sci 66(4):442–451
Huang M, Fang Y, Xiao Y et al (2014) Proteomic analysis
to investigate the high starch accumulation of duckweed (Landoltia punctata) under nutrient starvation.
Ind Crops Prod 59:299–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
indcrop.2014.05.029
Huang M, Fang Y, Liu Y et al (2015) Using proteomic
analysis to investigate uniconazole-induced phytohormone variation and starch accumulation in duckweed
(Landoltia punctata). BMC Biotechnol 15:81. https://
doi.org/10.1186/s12896-015-0198-9
Liu Y, Fang Y, Huang M et al (2015a) Uniconazoleinduced starch accumulation in the bioenergy crop
duckweed (Landoltia punctata) I: transcriptome analysis of the effects of uniconazole on chlorophyll and
endogenous hormone biosynthesis. Biotechnol Biofuels 8:57. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-015-0246-7
Liu Y, Fang Y, Huang M et al (2015b) Uniconazoleinduced starch accumulation in the bioenergy crop
duckweed (Landoltia punctata) II: transcriptome
alterations of pathways involved in carbohydrate
metabolism and endogenous hormone crosstalk.
Biotechnol Biofuels 8:64. https://doi.org/10.1186/
s13068-015-0245-8
Tao X, Fang Y, Xiao Y et al (2013) Comparative
transcriptome analysis to investigate the high starch
accumulation of duckweed (Landoltia punctata) under
nutrient starvation. Biotechnol Biofuels 6(1):72
Tao X, Fang Y, Huang MJ et al (2017) High flavonoid
accompanied with high starch accumulation triggered
by nutrient starvation in bioenergy crop duckweed
(Landoltia punctata). BMC Genom 18(1):166. https://
doi.org/10.1186/s12864-017-3559-z
Winkel-Shirley B (2001) Flavonoid biosynthesis. A
colorful model for genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, and biotechnology. Plant Physiol 126(2):
485–493
Zhao H, Appenroth K, Landesman L et al (2012)
Duckweed rising at Chengdu: summary of the 1st
international conference on duckweed application and
research. Plant Mol Biol 78(6):627–632. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s11103-012-9889-y
Zhao Y, Fang Y, Jin Y et al (2014) Potential of duckweed
in the conversion of wastewater nutrients to valuable
biomass: a pilot-scale comparison with water hyacinth. Bioresour Technol 163:82–91. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.biortech.2014.04.018
14 Proteomics in Duckweeds
141