11.4 Discussion
Genotyping-by-sequencing separated L. section
Uninerves from all other species of the genus
Lemna with high probability and demonstrated
its character as monophyletic taxa. This is in
agreement with the results of previous studies
that were based on morphological, phytochemical, plastidic, and genomic markers (Bog et al.
2010; Les et al. 1997, 2002; Tippery et al. 2015).
Within L. section Uninerves, all clones of the
species L. minuta were distinguished from
L. valdiviana and L. yungensis. In contrast, the
species L. valdiviana and L. yungensis did not
form separate clades. This demonstrates the
capacity of the method GBS, which additionally
characterises intraspecific differences, i.e. even
clones of the same species were characterised
and separated. From this, we would conclude that
L. valdiviana and L. yungensis do not represent
independent species. We therefore consider
Table 11.2 Read and mapping statistics of the GBS approach for the investigated duckweed clones
Section
Clone
Read statistics
Mapping
Number of
reads
Number of clean
reads
Number of mapped
reads
Mapping rate
(%)
Outgroup
L. punctata 9589
815,740
753,242
60,962
8.1
S. polyrhiza 7498
1,100,768
1,057,872
75,405
7.1
Alatae
L. aequinoctialis
6746
563,781
554,631
72,442
13.1
L. perpusilla
8539
702,751
694,346
87,530
12.1
Biformes
L. tenera 9020
697,572
687,127
93,949
13.7
Lemna
L. disperma 7269
748,863
743,626
327,188
44.0
L. gibba 8682
377,355
373,654
143,638
38.4
L. japonica 8695
601,316
593,021
352,401
59.4
L. minor 5500
1,097,006
1,040,068
780,792
75.1
L. obscura 9342
611,875
608,713
247,506
40.7
L. trisulca 9529
1,034,470
1,006,162
219,335
21.8
L. turionifera
9434
693,417
688,584
415,229
60.3
Uninerves
L. minuta 6717
1,947,091
1,910,447
191,725
10.0
L. minuta 7612
2,449,941
2,319,265
17,039
0.77
L. minuta 8699
620,974
617,616
83,777
13.6
L. minuta 9484
153,9211
1,524,385
167,027
11.0
L. valdiviana
9228
1,231,914
1,218,381
124,613
10.2
L. valdiviana
9401
956,734
949,995
108,176
11.4
L. valdiviana
9442
537,565
528,903
67,288
12.7
L. yungensis 9207
518,298
512,585
53,931
10.5
L. yungensis 9208
448,269
433,653
50,283
11.6
L. yungensis 9209
846,404
817,976
50,450
6.2
L. yungensis 9210
1,241,086
1,210,575
105,112
8.7
11 Genotyping-by-Sequencing for Species Delimitation …
119
Genotyping-by-sequencing separated L. section
Uninerves from all other species of the genus
Lemna with high probability and demonstrated
its character as monophyletic taxa. This is in
agreement with the results of previous studies
that were based on morphological, phytochemical, plastidic, and genomic markers (Bog et al.
2010; Les et al. 1997, 2002; Tippery et al. 2015).
Within L. section Uninerves, all clones of the
species L. minuta were distinguished from
L. valdiviana and L. yungensis. In contrast, the
species L. valdiviana and L. yungensis did not
form separate clades. This demonstrates the
capacity of the method GBS, which additionally
characterises intraspecific differences, i.e. even
clones of the same species were characterised
and separated. From this, we would conclude that
L. valdiviana and L. yungensis do not represent
independent species. We therefore consider
Table 11.2 Read and mapping statistics of the GBS approach for the investigated duckweed clones
Section
Clone
Read statistics
Mapping
Number of
reads
Number of clean
reads
Number of mapped
reads
Mapping rate
(%)
Outgroup
L. punctata 9589
815,740
753,242
60,962
8.1
S. polyrhiza 7498
1,100,768
1,057,872
75,405
7.1
Alatae
L. aequinoctialis
6746
563,781
554,631
72,442
13.1
L. perpusilla
8539
702,751
694,346
87,530
12.1
Biformes
L. tenera 9020
697,572
687,127
93,949
13.7
Lemna
L. disperma 7269
748,863
743,626
327,188
44.0
L. gibba 8682
377,355
373,654
143,638
38.4
L. japonica 8695
601,316
593,021
352,401
59.4
L. minor 5500
1,097,006
1,040,068
780,792
75.1
L. obscura 9342
611,875
608,713
247,506
40.7
L. trisulca 9529
1,034,470
1,006,162
219,335
21.8
L. turionifera
9434
693,417
688,584
415,229
60.3
Uninerves
L. minuta 6717
1,947,091
1,910,447
191,725
10.0
L. minuta 7612
2,449,941
2,319,265
17,039
0.77
L. minuta 8699
620,974
617,616
83,777
13.6
L. minuta 9484
153,9211
1,524,385
167,027
11.0
L. valdiviana
9228
1,231,914
1,218,381
124,613
10.2
L. valdiviana
9401
956,734
949,995
108,176
11.4
L. valdiviana
9442
537,565
528,903
67,288
12.7
L. yungensis 9207
518,298
512,585
53,931
10.5
L. yungensis 9208
448,269
433,653
50,283
11.6
L. yungensis 9209
846,404
817,976
50,450
6.2
L. yungensis 9210
1,241,086
1,210,575
105,112
8.7
11 Genotyping-by-Sequencing for Species Delimitation …
119