Jenkins GI, Courtice GRM, Cove DJ (1986) Gravitropic responses of wild-type and mutant strains
of the moss Physcomitrella patens. Plant Cell Environ 9:637–644
Kamachi H, Noguchi M (2012) Negative gravitropism in dark-grown gametophytes of the fern
Ceratopteris richardii. Am Fern J 102:147–153
Kern VD, Hock B (1993) Gravitropism of fungi – experiments in space. Life sciences research in
space, proceedings of the fifth European symposium. European Space Agency, Arcachon
Kern VD, Sack FD (1999) Irradiance-dependent regulation of gravitropism by red light in protonemata of the moss Ceratodon purpureus. Planta 209:299–307
Kern VD, Mendgen K, Hock B (1997) Flammulina as a model system for fungal graviresponses.
Planta 203:23–32
Kern VD, Schwuchow JM, Reed DW, Nadeau JA, Lucas J, Skripnikov A, Sack FD (2005)
Gravitropic moss cells default to spiral growth on the clinostat and in microgravity during
spaceflight. Planta 221:149–157
Kher K, Greening JP, Hatton JP, Frazer LN, Moore D (1992) Kinetics and mechanics of stem
gravitropism in Coprinus cinereus. Mycol Res 96:817–824
Kiss JZ (2000) Mechanisms of the early phases of plant gravitropism. Crit Rev Plant Sci
19:551–573
Knight CD, Cove DJ (1991) The polarity of gravitropism in the moss Physcomitrella patens is
reversed during mitosis and after growth on a clinostat. Plant Cell Environ 14:995–1001
Liu B, Sun G (1994) Effect of light on gravitropic response of rhizoids of gametophytes of ferns.
Wuhan Bot Res 12:165–169
Loomis W (2012) Dictyostelium discoideum: a developmental system. Elsevier, Groningen
Mano E, Horiguchi G, Tsukaya H (2006) Gravitropism in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.)
Heynh. Plant Cell Physiol 47:217–223
Maree AFM, Panfilov AV, Hogeweg P (1999) Migration and thermotaxis of Dictyostelium
discoideum slugs, a model study. J Theor Biol 199:297–309
Monzer J, Haindl E, Kern V, Dressel K (1994) Gravitropism of the basidiomycete Flammulina
velutipes: morphological and physiological aspects of the graviresponse. Exp Mycol 18:7–19
Moore D (1991) Perception and response to gravity in higher fungi—a critical appraisal. New
Phytol 117:3–23
Poff KL, Häder D-P (1984) An action spectrum for phototaxis by pseudoplasmodia of
Dictyostelium discoideum. Photochem Photobiol 39:433–436
Sabovljević M, Vujičić M, Sabovljević A (2014) Plant growth regulators in bryophytes. Bot Serbica
38:99–107
Sack FD (1997) Plastids and gravitropic sensing. Planta 203:63–68
Salmi ML, Roux SJ (2008) Gene expression changes induced by space flight in single-cells of the
fern Ceratopteris richardii. Planta 229:151–159
Sauer HW (1982) Developmental biology of Physarum. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Schwuchow JM, Kim D, Sack FD (1995) Caulonemal gravitropism and amyloplast sedimentation
in the moss Funaria. Can J Bot 73:1029–1035
Sharpe JM, Jernstedt JA (1990) Tropic responses controlling leaf orientation in the fern Danaea
wendlandii (Marattiaceae). Am J Bot 77(8):1050–1059
Song L, Nadkarni SM, Bödeker HU, Beta C, Bae A, Franck C, Rappel W-J, Loomis WF,
Bodenschatz E (2006) Dictyostelium discoideum chemotaxis: threshold for directed motion.
Eur J Cell Biol 85:981–989
Wagner TA, Cove DJ, Sack FD (1997) A positively gravitropic mutant mirrors the wild-type
protonemal response in the moss Ceratodon purpureus. Planta 202:149–154
Walker LM, Sack FD (1990) Amyloplasts as possible statoliths in gravitropic protonemata of the
moss Ceratodon purpureus. Planta 181:71–77
Wolke A, Niemeyer F, Achenbach F (1987) Geotactic behavior of the acellular myxomycete
Physarum polycephalum. Cell Biol Int Rep 11:525–528
74
5 Gravitropism in Fungi, Mosses and Ferns
of the moss Physcomitrella patens. Plant Cell Environ 9:637–644
Kamachi H, Noguchi M (2012) Negative gravitropism in dark-grown gametophytes of the fern
Ceratopteris richardii. Am Fern J 102:147–153
Kern VD, Hock B (1993) Gravitropism of fungi – experiments in space. Life sciences research in
space, proceedings of the fifth European symposium. European Space Agency, Arcachon
Kern VD, Sack FD (1999) Irradiance-dependent regulation of gravitropism by red light in protonemata of the moss Ceratodon purpureus. Planta 209:299–307
Kern VD, Mendgen K, Hock B (1997) Flammulina as a model system for fungal graviresponses.
Planta 203:23–32
Kern VD, Schwuchow JM, Reed DW, Nadeau JA, Lucas J, Skripnikov A, Sack FD (2005)
Gravitropic moss cells default to spiral growth on the clinostat and in microgravity during
spaceflight. Planta 221:149–157
Kher K, Greening JP, Hatton JP, Frazer LN, Moore D (1992) Kinetics and mechanics of stem
gravitropism in Coprinus cinereus. Mycol Res 96:817–824
Kiss JZ (2000) Mechanisms of the early phases of plant gravitropism. Crit Rev Plant Sci
19:551–573
Knight CD, Cove DJ (1991) The polarity of gravitropism in the moss Physcomitrella patens is
reversed during mitosis and after growth on a clinostat. Plant Cell Environ 14:995–1001
Liu B, Sun G (1994) Effect of light on gravitropic response of rhizoids of gametophytes of ferns.
Wuhan Bot Res 12:165–169
Loomis W (2012) Dictyostelium discoideum: a developmental system. Elsevier, Groningen
Mano E, Horiguchi G, Tsukaya H (2006) Gravitropism in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.)
Heynh. Plant Cell Physiol 47:217–223
Maree AFM, Panfilov AV, Hogeweg P (1999) Migration and thermotaxis of Dictyostelium
discoideum slugs, a model study. J Theor Biol 199:297–309
Monzer J, Haindl E, Kern V, Dressel K (1994) Gravitropism of the basidiomycete Flammulina
velutipes: morphological and physiological aspects of the graviresponse. Exp Mycol 18:7–19
Moore D (1991) Perception and response to gravity in higher fungi—a critical appraisal. New
Phytol 117:3–23
Poff KL, Häder D-P (1984) An action spectrum for phototaxis by pseudoplasmodia of
Dictyostelium discoideum. Photochem Photobiol 39:433–436
Sabovljević M, Vujičić M, Sabovljević A (2014) Plant growth regulators in bryophytes. Bot Serbica
38:99–107
Sack FD (1997) Plastids and gravitropic sensing. Planta 203:63–68
Salmi ML, Roux SJ (2008) Gene expression changes induced by space flight in single-cells of the
fern Ceratopteris richardii. Planta 229:151–159
Sauer HW (1982) Developmental biology of Physarum. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Schwuchow JM, Kim D, Sack FD (1995) Caulonemal gravitropism and amyloplast sedimentation
in the moss Funaria. Can J Bot 73:1029–1035
Sharpe JM, Jernstedt JA (1990) Tropic responses controlling leaf orientation in the fern Danaea
wendlandii (Marattiaceae). Am J Bot 77(8):1050–1059
Song L, Nadkarni SM, Bödeker HU, Beta C, Bae A, Franck C, Rappel W-J, Loomis WF,
Bodenschatz E (2006) Dictyostelium discoideum chemotaxis: threshold for directed motion.
Eur J Cell Biol 85:981–989
Wagner TA, Cove DJ, Sack FD (1997) A positively gravitropic mutant mirrors the wild-type
protonemal response in the moss Ceratodon purpureus. Planta 202:149–154
Walker LM, Sack FD (1990) Amyloplasts as possible statoliths in gravitropic protonemata of the
moss Ceratodon purpureus. Planta 181:71–77
Wolke A, Niemeyer F, Achenbach F (1987) Geotactic behavior of the acellular myxomycete
Physarum polycephalum. Cell Biol Int Rep 11:525–528
74
5 Gravitropism in Fungi, Mosses and Ferns