108
21. Ben-Yosef, Y., Miller, A., Shapiro, S., & Lahat, N. (2005). Hypoxia of endothelial cells leads
to MMP-2-dependent survival and death. American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology,
289(5), C1321–C1331.
22. Berg, J. T., Breen, E. C., Fu, Z., Mathieu-Costello, O., & West, J. B. (1998). Alveolar hypoxia
increases gene expression of extracellular matrix proteins and platelet-derived growth factorB in lung parenchyma. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 158(6),
1920–1928.
23. Bettinger, C. J., Zhang, Z., Gerecht, S., Borenstein, J., & Langer, R. (2008). Enhancement
of in vitro capillary tube formation by substrate nanotopography. Advanced Materials, 20,
99–103.
24. Bianchi, F., Rosi, M., Vozzi, G., Emanueli, C., Madeddu, P., & Ahluwalia, A. (2007).
Microfabrication of fractal polymeric structures for capillary morphogenesis: Applications in
therapeutic angiogenesis and in the engineering of vascularized tissue. Journal of Biomedical
Materials Research. Part B, Applied Biomaterials, 81(2), 462–468.
25. Blatchley, M., Park, K. M., & Gerecht, S. (2015). Designer hydrogels for precision control of oxygen tension and mechanical properties. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 3(40),
7939–7949.
26. Boveris, A., Costa, L. E., Poderoso, J. J., Carreras, M. C., & Cadenas, E. (2000). Regulation
of mitochondrial respiration by oxygen and nitric oxide. Annals of the New York Academy of
Sciences, 899, 121–135.
27. Brown, D. A., MacLellan, W. R., Laks, H., Dunn, J. C., Wu, B. M., & Beygui, R. E. (2007).
Analysis of oxygen transport in a diffusion-limited model of engineered heart tissue.
Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 97(4), 962–975.
28. Bruick, R. K., & McKnight, S. L. (2001). A conserved family of prolyl-4-hydroxylases that
modify HIF. Science, 294(5545), 1337–1340.
29. Burggren, W. W. (2004). What is the purpose of the embryonic heart beat? Or how facts can
ultimately prevail over physiological dogma. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 77(3),
333–345.
30. Camenisch, T. D., Spicer, A. P., Brehm-Gibson, T., Biesterfeldt, J., Augustine, M. L., Calabro
Jr., A., et al. (2000). Disruption of hyaluronan synthase-2 abrogates normal cardiac morphogenesis and hyaluronan-mediated transformation of epithelium to mesenchyme. Journal of
Clinical Investigation, 106(3), 349–360.
31. Caspi, O., Lesman, A., Basevitch, Y., Gepstein, A., Arbel, G., Habib, I. H., et al. (2007). Tissue
engineering of vascularized cardiac muscle from human embryonic stem cells. Circulation
Research, 100, 263.
32. Ceradini, D. J., & Gurtner, G. C. (2005). Homing to hypoxia: HIF-1 as a mediator of
progenitor cell recruitment to injured tissue. Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine, 15(2),
57–63.
33. Ceradini, D. J., Kulkarni, A. R., Callaghan, M. J., Tepper, O. M., Bastidas, N., Kleinman, M.
E., et al. (2004). Progenitor cell trafficking is regulated by hypoxic gradients through HIF-1
induction of SDF-1. Nature Medicine, 10(8), 858–864.
34. Chaudhuri, O., Gu, L., Klumpers, D., Darnell, M., Bencherif, S. A., Weaver, J. C., et al.
(2016). Hydrogels with tunable stress relaxation regulate stem cell fate and activity. Nature
Materials, 15(3), 326.
35. Chavakis, E., Aicher, A., Heeschen, C., Sasaki, K. I., Kaiser, R., El Makhfi, N., et al. (2005).
Role of beta 2-integrins for homing and neovascularization capacity of endothelial progenitor
cells. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 201(1), 63–72.
36. Cheema, U., Brown, R. A., Alp, B., & MacRobert, A. J. (2008). Spatially defined oxygen
gradients and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in an engineered 3D cell model.
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 65(1), 177–186.
37. Chen, Y. A., King, A. D., Shih, H. C., Peng, C. C., Wu, C. Y., Liao, W. H., et al. (2011).
Generation of oxygen gradients in microfluidic devices for cell culture using spatially confined chemical reactions. Lab on a Chip, 11(21), 3626–3633.
38. Cheresh, D. A., & Stupack, D. G. (2008). Regulation of angiogenesis: Apoptotic cues from
the ECM. Oncogene, 27(48), 6285–6298.
M. R. Blatchley et al.
21. Ben-Yosef, Y., Miller, A., Shapiro, S., & Lahat, N. (2005). Hypoxia of endothelial cells leads
to MMP-2-dependent survival and death. American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology,
289(5), C1321–C1331.
22. Berg, J. T., Breen, E. C., Fu, Z., Mathieu-Costello, O., & West, J. B. (1998). Alveolar hypoxia
increases gene expression of extracellular matrix proteins and platelet-derived growth factorB in lung parenchyma. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 158(6),
1920–1928.
23. Bettinger, C. J., Zhang, Z., Gerecht, S., Borenstein, J., & Langer, R. (2008). Enhancement
of in vitro capillary tube formation by substrate nanotopography. Advanced Materials, 20,
99–103.
24. Bianchi, F., Rosi, M., Vozzi, G., Emanueli, C., Madeddu, P., & Ahluwalia, A. (2007).
Microfabrication of fractal polymeric structures for capillary morphogenesis: Applications in
therapeutic angiogenesis and in the engineering of vascularized tissue. Journal of Biomedical
Materials Research. Part B, Applied Biomaterials, 81(2), 462–468.
25. Blatchley, M., Park, K. M., & Gerecht, S. (2015). Designer hydrogels for precision control of oxygen tension and mechanical properties. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 3(40),
7939–7949.
26. Boveris, A., Costa, L. E., Poderoso, J. J., Carreras, M. C., & Cadenas, E. (2000). Regulation
of mitochondrial respiration by oxygen and nitric oxide. Annals of the New York Academy of
Sciences, 899, 121–135.
27. Brown, D. A., MacLellan, W. R., Laks, H., Dunn, J. C., Wu, B. M., & Beygui, R. E. (2007).
Analysis of oxygen transport in a diffusion-limited model of engineered heart tissue.
Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 97(4), 962–975.
28. Bruick, R. K., & McKnight, S. L. (2001). A conserved family of prolyl-4-hydroxylases that
modify HIF. Science, 294(5545), 1337–1340.
29. Burggren, W. W. (2004). What is the purpose of the embryonic heart beat? Or how facts can
ultimately prevail over physiological dogma. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 77(3),
333–345.
30. Camenisch, T. D., Spicer, A. P., Brehm-Gibson, T., Biesterfeldt, J., Augustine, M. L., Calabro
Jr., A., et al. (2000). Disruption of hyaluronan synthase-2 abrogates normal cardiac morphogenesis and hyaluronan-mediated transformation of epithelium to mesenchyme. Journal of
Clinical Investigation, 106(3), 349–360.
31. Caspi, O., Lesman, A., Basevitch, Y., Gepstein, A., Arbel, G., Habib, I. H., et al. (2007). Tissue
engineering of vascularized cardiac muscle from human embryonic stem cells. Circulation
Research, 100, 263.
32. Ceradini, D. J., & Gurtner, G. C. (2005). Homing to hypoxia: HIF-1 as a mediator of
progenitor cell recruitment to injured tissue. Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine, 15(2),
57–63.
33. Ceradini, D. J., Kulkarni, A. R., Callaghan, M. J., Tepper, O. M., Bastidas, N., Kleinman, M.
E., et al. (2004). Progenitor cell trafficking is regulated by hypoxic gradients through HIF-1
induction of SDF-1. Nature Medicine, 10(8), 858–864.
34. Chaudhuri, O., Gu, L., Klumpers, D., Darnell, M., Bencherif, S. A., Weaver, J. C., et al.
(2016). Hydrogels with tunable stress relaxation regulate stem cell fate and activity. Nature
Materials, 15(3), 326.
35. Chavakis, E., Aicher, A., Heeschen, C., Sasaki, K. I., Kaiser, R., El Makhfi, N., et al. (2005).
Role of beta 2-integrins for homing and neovascularization capacity of endothelial progenitor
cells. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 201(1), 63–72.
36. Cheema, U., Brown, R. A., Alp, B., & MacRobert, A. J. (2008). Spatially defined oxygen
gradients and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in an engineered 3D cell model.
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 65(1), 177–186.
37. Chen, Y. A., King, A. D., Shih, H. C., Peng, C. C., Wu, C. Y., Liao, W. H., et al. (2011).
Generation of oxygen gradients in microfluidic devices for cell culture using spatially confined chemical reactions. Lab on a Chip, 11(21), 3626–3633.
38. Cheresh, D. A., & Stupack, D. G. (2008). Regulation of angiogenesis: Apoptotic cues from
the ECM. Oncogene, 27(48), 6285–6298.
M. R. Blatchley et al.