Chaudhry Q, Blom-Zandstra M, Gupta S, Joner EJ (2005) Utilising the synergy between plants and
rhizosphere microorganisms to enhance breakdown of organic pollutants in the environment.
Environ Sci Pollut Res 12:34–48. https://doi.org/10.1065/espr2004.08.213
Chauhan A, Singh J (2015) Biodegradation of DDT. J Textile Sci Eng 5:183. https://doi.org/10.
4172/2165-8064.1000183
Chauhan A, Fazlurrahman Oakeshott JG, Jain RK (2008) Bacterial metabolism of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons: strategies for bioremediation. Indian J Microbiol 48:95–113. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s12088-008-0010-9
Chauhan BS, Matloob A, Mahajan G, Aslam F, Florentine SK, Jha P (2017) Emerging challenges
and opportunities for education and research in weed science. Front Plant Sci 8:1537. https://doi.
org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01537
Chaw D, Stoklas U (2013) Cocomposting of cattle manure and hydrocarbon contaminated flare pit
soil. Compost Sci Util 9:322–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/1065657X.2001.10702051
Chen S, Hu Q, Hu M, Luo J, Weng Q, Lai K (2011) Isolation and characterization of a fungus able
to degrade pyrethroids and 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde. Bioresour Technol 102:8110–8116.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.06.055
Chen S, Liu C, Peng C, Liu H, Hu M, Zhong G (2012) Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos and its
hydrolysis product 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol by a new fungal strain Cladosporium
cladosporioides Hu-01. PLoS One 7(10):e47205. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047205
Cheng TC, Harvey SP, Stroup AN (1993) Purification and properties of a highly active organophosphorus acid anhydrolase from Alteromonas undina. Appl Environ Microbiol
59:3138–3140
Cheng S, Xiao J, Xiao H, Zhang L, Wu Z (2007) Phytoremediation of triazophos by Canna indica
Linn. in a hydroponic system. Int J Phytoremediation 9(6):453–463. https://doi.org/10.1080/
15226510701709531
Chennappa G (2016) Impact of pesticides on Azotobacter species isolated from paddy field soil
samples [Thesis]. University of Mysore, Mysore
Chennappa G, Adkar-Purushothama CR, Suraj U, Tamilvendan K, Sreenivasa MY (2013) Pesticide
tolerant Azotobacter isolates from paddy growing areas of northern Karnataka, India. World J
Microbiol Biotechnol 30:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-013-1412-3
Chennappa G, Adkar-Purushothama CR, Naik MK, Suraj U, Sreenivasa MY (2014) Impact of
pesticides on PGPR activity of Azotobacter sp. isolated from pesticide flooded paddy soils.
Greener J Biol Sci 4(4):117–129. https://doi.org/10.15580/GJAS.2014.4.010314003
Chennappa G, Naik MK, Adkar-Purushothama CR, Amaresh YS, Sreenivasa MY (2016) PGP
potential, abiotic stress tolerant and antifungal activity of Azotobacter sp. isolated from paddy
soils. Indian J Exp Biol 54:322–331
Chennappa G, Udaykumar N, Vidya M, Nagaraja H, Amaresh YS, Sreenivasa MY (2019)
Azotobacter—a natural resource for bioremediation of toxic pesticides in soil ecosystems. In:
New and future developments in microbial biotechnology and bioengineering. Elsevier,
Amsterdam, pp 267–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-64191-5.00019-5
Child R, Miller CD, Liang Y, Sims RC, Anderson AJ (2007) Pyrene mineralization by Mycobacterium sp. strain KMS in a barley rhizosphere. J Environ Qual 36:1260–1265. https://doi.org/10.
2134/jeq2007.0008
Chino-Flores C, Dantán-González E, Vázquez-Ramos A, Tinoco-Valencia R, Díaz-Méndez R,
Sánchez-Salinas E, Castrejón-Godínez ML, Ramos-Quintana F, Ortiz-Hernández ML (2012)
Isolation of the opdE gene that encodes for a new hydrolase of Enterobacter sp. capable of
degrading organophosphorus pesticides. Biodegradation 23(3):387–397. https://doi.org/10.
1007/s10532-011-9517-6
Chirakkara RA, Cameselle C, Reddy KR (2016) Assessing the applicability of phytoremediation of
soils with mixed organic and heavy metal contaminants. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol
15:299–326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-016-9391-0
2 Bioremediation of Pesticides: An Eco-Friendly Approach for Environment. . .
65
rhizosphere microorganisms to enhance breakdown of organic pollutants in the environment.
Environ Sci Pollut Res 12:34–48. https://doi.org/10.1065/espr2004.08.213
Chauhan A, Singh J (2015) Biodegradation of DDT. J Textile Sci Eng 5:183. https://doi.org/10.
4172/2165-8064.1000183
Chauhan A, Fazlurrahman Oakeshott JG, Jain RK (2008) Bacterial metabolism of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons: strategies for bioremediation. Indian J Microbiol 48:95–113. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s12088-008-0010-9
Chauhan BS, Matloob A, Mahajan G, Aslam F, Florentine SK, Jha P (2017) Emerging challenges
and opportunities for education and research in weed science. Front Plant Sci 8:1537. https://doi.
org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01537
Chaw D, Stoklas U (2013) Cocomposting of cattle manure and hydrocarbon contaminated flare pit
soil. Compost Sci Util 9:322–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/1065657X.2001.10702051
Chen S, Hu Q, Hu M, Luo J, Weng Q, Lai K (2011) Isolation and characterization of a fungus able
to degrade pyrethroids and 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde. Bioresour Technol 102:8110–8116.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.06.055
Chen S, Liu C, Peng C, Liu H, Hu M, Zhong G (2012) Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos and its
hydrolysis product 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol by a new fungal strain Cladosporium
cladosporioides Hu-01. PLoS One 7(10):e47205. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047205
Cheng TC, Harvey SP, Stroup AN (1993) Purification and properties of a highly active organophosphorus acid anhydrolase from Alteromonas undina. Appl Environ Microbiol
59:3138–3140
Cheng S, Xiao J, Xiao H, Zhang L, Wu Z (2007) Phytoremediation of triazophos by Canna indica
Linn. in a hydroponic system. Int J Phytoremediation 9(6):453–463. https://doi.org/10.1080/
15226510701709531
Chennappa G (2016) Impact of pesticides on Azotobacter species isolated from paddy field soil
samples [Thesis]. University of Mysore, Mysore
Chennappa G, Adkar-Purushothama CR, Suraj U, Tamilvendan K, Sreenivasa MY (2013) Pesticide
tolerant Azotobacter isolates from paddy growing areas of northern Karnataka, India. World J
Microbiol Biotechnol 30:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-013-1412-3
Chennappa G, Adkar-Purushothama CR, Naik MK, Suraj U, Sreenivasa MY (2014) Impact of
pesticides on PGPR activity of Azotobacter sp. isolated from pesticide flooded paddy soils.
Greener J Biol Sci 4(4):117–129. https://doi.org/10.15580/GJAS.2014.4.010314003
Chennappa G, Naik MK, Adkar-Purushothama CR, Amaresh YS, Sreenivasa MY (2016) PGP
potential, abiotic stress tolerant and antifungal activity of Azotobacter sp. isolated from paddy
soils. Indian J Exp Biol 54:322–331
Chennappa G, Udaykumar N, Vidya M, Nagaraja H, Amaresh YS, Sreenivasa MY (2019)
Azotobacter—a natural resource for bioremediation of toxic pesticides in soil ecosystems. In:
New and future developments in microbial biotechnology and bioengineering. Elsevier,
Amsterdam, pp 267–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-64191-5.00019-5
Child R, Miller CD, Liang Y, Sims RC, Anderson AJ (2007) Pyrene mineralization by Mycobacterium sp. strain KMS in a barley rhizosphere. J Environ Qual 36:1260–1265. https://doi.org/10.
2134/jeq2007.0008
Chino-Flores C, Dantán-González E, Vázquez-Ramos A, Tinoco-Valencia R, Díaz-Méndez R,
Sánchez-Salinas E, Castrejón-Godínez ML, Ramos-Quintana F, Ortiz-Hernández ML (2012)
Isolation of the opdE gene that encodes for a new hydrolase of Enterobacter sp. capable of
degrading organophosphorus pesticides. Biodegradation 23(3):387–397. https://doi.org/10.
1007/s10532-011-9517-6
Chirakkara RA, Cameselle C, Reddy KR (2016) Assessing the applicability of phytoremediation of
soils with mixed organic and heavy metal contaminants. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol
15:299–326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-016-9391-0
2 Bioremediation of Pesticides: An Eco-Friendly Approach for Environment. . .
65