Strong et al. (2000) applied bioaugmented atrazine-polluted soil with genetically
engineered E. coli strain that possess the capability to over produce the enzyme
referred to as atrazine chlorohydrolase which could dechlorinate atrazine. The
authors applied chemical in the inhibition of the genetically modified microorganisms before introducing them to the field site for the purpose of reducing their
regulatory concern (Wackett et al. 2002). It was discovered that the level of atrazine
concentrations in the enzyme-treated plots was reduced by 52% when compared to
the insignificant biodegradation in the control plots. The application of 52% will
help in the mitigation of all the associated challenges with bioaugmentation which
are needed for the sustainability of the microbial inoculants in hearse environment
most especially in the field.
15.4 Conclusion and Future Recommendation
This chapter has provided a detailed information on the application of
bioaugmentation in the ecorestoration of heavily polluted environment. The role of
cell bioaugmentation, activated soil, and immobilized microorganism was also
highlighted. The application of some specific enzymes and biosurfactant when
combined with bioaugmentation was also highlighted. Moreover, the movement of
horizontal gene transfer during the process of bioaugmentation such as transformation, conjugation, and transduction was also highlighted. Information on the gene
bioaugmentation, rhizosphere bioaugmentation, and their utilization in the bioremediation of polluted soil was discussed in detail. The application of some beneficial
microorganism with high bioaugmentation capability when applied at the rhizosphere of some plants has been discovered to hasten the process involved in the
absorption of heavily metals and various contaminants available in a particular
environment. Moreover, there is a need to carry out more field trial so as to validate
all the result observed on the laboratory scale. This will be a strong basis for their
eventual commercialization.
References
Adebusoye SA, Ilori MO, Amund OO, Teniola Marin MA, Pedrogosa A, Laborda F (2007)
Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in a polluted tropical strain. J Microbiol
Biotechnol 23(8):1149–1159
Adetunji CO, Adejumo IO (2017) Nutritional assessment of mycomeat produced from different
agricultural substrates using wild and mutant strains from Pleurotus sajor-caju during solid state
fermentation. Anim Feed Sci Technol 224:14–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.12.
004
Adetunji CO, Adejumo IO (2018) Efficacy of crude and immobilized enzymes from Bacillus
licheniformis for production of biodegraded feather meal and their assessment on chickens.
Environ Technol Innov 11:116–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2018.05.002
15 Bioaugmentation: A Powerful Biotechnological Techniques for Sustainable. . .
391
engineered E. coli strain that possess the capability to over produce the enzyme
referred to as atrazine chlorohydrolase which could dechlorinate atrazine. The
authors applied chemical in the inhibition of the genetically modified microorganisms before introducing them to the field site for the purpose of reducing their
regulatory concern (Wackett et al. 2002). It was discovered that the level of atrazine
concentrations in the enzyme-treated plots was reduced by 52% when compared to
the insignificant biodegradation in the control plots. The application of 52% will
help in the mitigation of all the associated challenges with bioaugmentation which
are needed for the sustainability of the microbial inoculants in hearse environment
most especially in the field.
15.4 Conclusion and Future Recommendation
This chapter has provided a detailed information on the application of
bioaugmentation in the ecorestoration of heavily polluted environment. The role of
cell bioaugmentation, activated soil, and immobilized microorganism was also
highlighted. The application of some specific enzymes and biosurfactant when
combined with bioaugmentation was also highlighted. Moreover, the movement of
horizontal gene transfer during the process of bioaugmentation such as transformation, conjugation, and transduction was also highlighted. Information on the gene
bioaugmentation, rhizosphere bioaugmentation, and their utilization in the bioremediation of polluted soil was discussed in detail. The application of some beneficial
microorganism with high bioaugmentation capability when applied at the rhizosphere of some plants has been discovered to hasten the process involved in the
absorption of heavily metals and various contaminants available in a particular
environment. Moreover, there is a need to carry out more field trial so as to validate
all the result observed on the laboratory scale. This will be a strong basis for their
eventual commercialization.
References
Adebusoye SA, Ilori MO, Amund OO, Teniola Marin MA, Pedrogosa A, Laborda F (2007)
Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in a polluted tropical strain. J Microbiol
Biotechnol 23(8):1149–1159
Adetunji CO, Adejumo IO (2017) Nutritional assessment of mycomeat produced from different
agricultural substrates using wild and mutant strains from Pleurotus sajor-caju during solid state
fermentation. Anim Feed Sci Technol 224:14–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.12.
004
Adetunji CO, Adejumo IO (2018) Efficacy of crude and immobilized enzymes from Bacillus
licheniformis for production of biodegraded feather meal and their assessment on chickens.
Environ Technol Innov 11:116–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2018.05.002
15 Bioaugmentation: A Powerful Biotechnological Techniques for Sustainable. . .
391