Nair NR, Nampoothiri KM, Pandey A (2012) Preparation of poly(L-lactide) blends and biodegradation by Lentzea waywayandensis. Biotechnol Lett 34:2031–2035. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s10529-012-1005-5
Nakamura K, Tomita T, Abe N, Kamio Y (2001) Purification and characterization of an extracellular poly(L-lactic acid) depolymerase from a soil isolate, Amycolatopsis sp. strain K104-1.
Appl Environ Microbiol 67:345–353. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.1.345-353.2001
Odusanya SA, Nkwogu JV, Alu N, EtukUdo GA, Ajao JA, Osinkolu GA, Uzomah AC (2013)
Preliminary studies on microbial degradation of plastics used in packaging potable water in
Nigeria. Nigerian Food J 31(2):63–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0189-7241(15)30078-3
Pathak VM, Navneet (2017) Review on the current status of polymer degradation: a microbial
approach. Bioresour Bioprocess 4:15
Patil RC (2018) Screening and characterization of plastic degrading bacteria from garbage soil. Br J
Environ Sci 6(4):33–40
Pegram JE, Andrady AL (1989) Outdoor weathering of selected polymeric materials under marine
exposure conditions. Polym Degrad Stab 26:333–345
Penkhrue W, Sujarit K, Kudo T, Ohkuma M, Masaki K, Aizawa T et al (2018)
Amycolatopsisoliviviridis sp., a novel polylactic acid (PLA)-bioplastic degrading actinomycete
isolated from paddy soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 68:1448–1454. https://doi.org/10.1099/
ijsem.0.002682
Philp JC, Ritchie RJ, Guy K (2013) Biobased plastics in a bioeconomy. Forum Sci Soc Biotechnol
Policy Ser 31(2):65–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.11.009
Pinnell LJ, Turner JW (2019) Shotgun metagenomics reveals the benthic microbial community
response to plastic and bioplastic in a coastal marine environment. Front Microbiol 10:1252.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01252
Plastics Europe (2018) An analysis of European plastics production, demand and waste data.
Plastics Europe, Brussels, pp 46–49
Pramilla R, Vijaya R (2015) Potential biodegradation of low density polyethylene (LDPE) by
Acinetobacter baumannii. Afr J Bacteriol Res 3:92–95. https://doi.org/10.5897/JBR2015.0152
Pranamuda H, Tokiwa Y (1999) Degradation of poly (L-lactide) by strains belonging to genus
Amycolatopsis. Biotechnol Lett 21:901–905. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005547326434
Pranamuda H, Tokiwa Y, Tanaka H (1997) Polylactide degradation by an Amycolatopsis sp. Appl
Environ Microbiol 63:1637–1640
Pranamuda H, Tsuchii A, Tokiwa Y (2001) Poly (L-lactide)-degrading enzyme produced by
Amycolatopsis sp. Macromol Biosci 1:25–29. https://doi.org/10.1002/1616-5195(200101)
Raziyafathima M, Praseetha PK, Rimal Isaac RS (2016) Microbial degradation of plastic waste: a
review. J Pharm Chem Biol Sci 4(2):231–242
Ren L, Men L, Zhang Z, Guan F, Tian J, Wang B, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhang W (2019)
Biodegradation of polyethylene by Enterobacter sp. D1 from the guts ofWax moth galleria
mellonella. Int J Environ Res Public Health 16:1941. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111941
Restrepo-Flórez JM, Bassi A, Thompson MR (2014) Microbial degradation and deterioration of
polyethylene–a review. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 88:83–90
Rillig MC, Bonkowski M (2018) Microplastic and soil protists: a call for research. Environ Pollut
241:1128–1131
Roohi, Bano K, Kuddus M, Zaheer MR, Zia Q, Khan MF, Ashraf Md G, Gupta A, Aliev G (2017)
Microbial enzymatic degradation of biodegradable plastics. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 18:5.
https://doi.org/10.2174/1389201018666170523165742
Sangale MK (2012) A review on biodegradation of polythene: the microbial approach. J Bioremed
Biodegr 3(10):164. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000164
Sangale MK, Shahnawaz M, Ade AB (2019) Potential of fungi isolated from the dumping sites
mangrove rhizosphere soil to degrade polythene. Sci Rep 9:5390. https://doi.org/10.1038/
s41598-019-41448-y
Sangwan P, Wu DY (2008) New insight into polylactide biodegradation from molecular ecological
techniques. Macromol Biosci 8:304–315. https://doi.org/10.1002/mabi.200700317
14 Plastic-Eating Microorganisms: Recent Biotechnological Techniques for Recycling. . . 371
s10529-012-1005-5
Nakamura K, Tomita T, Abe N, Kamio Y (2001) Purification and characterization of an extracellular poly(L-lactic acid) depolymerase from a soil isolate, Amycolatopsis sp. strain K104-1.
Appl Environ Microbiol 67:345–353. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.1.345-353.2001
Odusanya SA, Nkwogu JV, Alu N, EtukUdo GA, Ajao JA, Osinkolu GA, Uzomah AC (2013)
Preliminary studies on microbial degradation of plastics used in packaging potable water in
Nigeria. Nigerian Food J 31(2):63–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0189-7241(15)30078-3
Pathak VM, Navneet (2017) Review on the current status of polymer degradation: a microbial
approach. Bioresour Bioprocess 4:15
Patil RC (2018) Screening and characterization of plastic degrading bacteria from garbage soil. Br J
Environ Sci 6(4):33–40
Pegram JE, Andrady AL (1989) Outdoor weathering of selected polymeric materials under marine
exposure conditions. Polym Degrad Stab 26:333–345
Penkhrue W, Sujarit K, Kudo T, Ohkuma M, Masaki K, Aizawa T et al (2018)
Amycolatopsisoliviviridis sp., a novel polylactic acid (PLA)-bioplastic degrading actinomycete
isolated from paddy soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 68:1448–1454. https://doi.org/10.1099/
ijsem.0.002682
Philp JC, Ritchie RJ, Guy K (2013) Biobased plastics in a bioeconomy. Forum Sci Soc Biotechnol
Policy Ser 31(2):65–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.11.009
Pinnell LJ, Turner JW (2019) Shotgun metagenomics reveals the benthic microbial community
response to plastic and bioplastic in a coastal marine environment. Front Microbiol 10:1252.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01252
Plastics Europe (2018) An analysis of European plastics production, demand and waste data.
Plastics Europe, Brussels, pp 46–49
Pramilla R, Vijaya R (2015) Potential biodegradation of low density polyethylene (LDPE) by
Acinetobacter baumannii. Afr J Bacteriol Res 3:92–95. https://doi.org/10.5897/JBR2015.0152
Pranamuda H, Tokiwa Y (1999) Degradation of poly (L-lactide) by strains belonging to genus
Amycolatopsis. Biotechnol Lett 21:901–905. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005547326434
Pranamuda H, Tokiwa Y, Tanaka H (1997) Polylactide degradation by an Amycolatopsis sp. Appl
Environ Microbiol 63:1637–1640
Pranamuda H, Tsuchii A, Tokiwa Y (2001) Poly (L-lactide)-degrading enzyme produced by
Amycolatopsis sp. Macromol Biosci 1:25–29. https://doi.org/10.1002/1616-5195(200101)
Raziyafathima M, Praseetha PK, Rimal Isaac RS (2016) Microbial degradation of plastic waste: a
review. J Pharm Chem Biol Sci 4(2):231–242
Ren L, Men L, Zhang Z, Guan F, Tian J, Wang B, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhang W (2019)
Biodegradation of polyethylene by Enterobacter sp. D1 from the guts ofWax moth galleria
mellonella. Int J Environ Res Public Health 16:1941. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111941
Restrepo-Flórez JM, Bassi A, Thompson MR (2014) Microbial degradation and deterioration of
polyethylene–a review. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 88:83–90
Rillig MC, Bonkowski M (2018) Microplastic and soil protists: a call for research. Environ Pollut
241:1128–1131
Roohi, Bano K, Kuddus M, Zaheer MR, Zia Q, Khan MF, Ashraf Md G, Gupta A, Aliev G (2017)
Microbial enzymatic degradation of biodegradable plastics. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 18:5.
https://doi.org/10.2174/1389201018666170523165742
Sangale MK (2012) A review on biodegradation of polythene: the microbial approach. J Bioremed
Biodegr 3(10):164. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000164
Sangale MK, Shahnawaz M, Ade AB (2019) Potential of fungi isolated from the dumping sites
mangrove rhizosphere soil to degrade polythene. Sci Rep 9:5390. https://doi.org/10.1038/
s41598-019-41448-y
Sangwan P, Wu DY (2008) New insight into polylactide biodegradation from molecular ecological
techniques. Macromol Biosci 8:304–315. https://doi.org/10.1002/mabi.200700317
14 Plastic-Eating Microorganisms: Recent Biotechnological Techniques for Recycling. . . 371